Abstract
AbstractThe development of new improved apple scion cultivars through breeding continues to be an important approach to ensure sustainable apple production and increase consumer satisfaction. Apple scion breeding programs are primarily focused on improving fruit quality, fruit storability, and resistance to diseases and pests. Recent genetic and genomic advances have resulted in practical applications (e.g., DNA-informed breeding) in apple scion breeding programs. However, phenotyping continues to be a bottleneck, thus limiting efficient genetic improvement of apple scions. This chapter provides an updated review of: (1) current apple scion breeding efforts; (2) breeding for improved fruit quality; (3) breeding for resistance to diseases (e.g., apple scab, fire blight, and powdery mildew) and pests; and (4) recent advances and future breeding directions with emphasis on genotyping, DNA-informed breeding, genomic selection, and non-destructive phenotyping in apple. Throughout this chapter, perspectives on phenotyping and genomic advances are provided.
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