Abstract
Animal models constitute valuable tools for investigating the pathogenesis of cancer as well as for preclinical testing of novel therapeutics approaches. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of pituitary-tumor formation remain poorly understood, particularly in sporadic adenomas, thus, making it a challenge to model pituitary tumors in mice. Nevertheless, genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of pituitary tumors have provided important insight into pituitary tumor biology. In this paper, we review various GEMMs of pituitary tumors, highlighting their contributions and limitations, and discuss opportunities for research in the field.
Highlights
Pituitary adenomas occur in 10–15% of the general population as determined by autopsy studies [1, 2]
DIRECTIONS current genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of pituitary tumors exhibit, to some degree, biochemical and molecular features of pituitary adenomas, no current mouse model exists that fully recapitulates pituitarytumor formation
The use of knockout mice has validated the putative oncogenic role of genes linked to familial pituitary adenomas such as Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein gene (AIP)
Summary
Reviewed by: Cynthia Lilian Andoniadou, King’s College London, UK JP Martinez Barbera, University College London, UK. Animal models constitute valuable tools for investigating the pathogenesis of cancer as well as for preclinical testing of novel therapeutics approaches. The pathogenic mechanisms of pituitary-tumor formation remain poorly understood, in sporadic adenomas, making it a challenge to model pituitary tumors in mice. Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of pituitary tumors have provided important insight into pituitary tumor biology. We review various GEMMs of pituitary tumors, highlighting their contributions and limitations, and discuss opportunities for research in the field
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