Abstract
Despite the tremendous clinical benefits of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), it still suffers from several drawbacks such as low response rate, off-target toxicity, and high costs. To address these issues, herein, a hybrid membrane (PSHM) consisting of outer membrane vesicles of attenuated Salmonella typhimurium (SM) and the membrane of PD-1-expressing HEK293T cells (PM) is fabricated to coat nanoemulsion for three-pronged synergistic photothermal-immunotherapy. First, SM upregulates the PD-L1 expression of tumor cells to enhance the response rate of PD-L1 blockade. Second, SM targets the nanoemulsion to the hypoxic tumor to realize targeted PD-L1 blockade mediated by PD-1 proteins on the PM. Third, SM induces erythrocyte extravasation into tumors for photothermal ablation of tumors without damaging surrounding tissues and thereby enhancing anticancer immunity. The hybrid membrane-coated nanoemulsion arouses a potent antitumor T-cell immunity and inhibits tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, this study presents a promising hybrid membrane coating strategy to potentiate ICB.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
