Abstract
In crops, nitrogen directly determines productivity and biomass. However, the improvement of nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) is still a major challenge in modern agriculture. Here, we report the characterization of are1, a genetic suppressor of a rice fd-gogat mutant defective in nitrogen assimilation. ARE1 is a highly conserved gene, encoding a chloroplast-localized protein. Loss-of-function mutations in ARE1 cause delayed senescence and result in 10–20% grain yield increases, hence enhance NUE under nitrogen-limiting conditions. Analysis of a panel of 2155 rice varieties reveals that 18% indica and 48% aus accessions carry small insertions in the ARE1 promoter, which result in a reduction in ARE1 expression and an increase in grain yield under nitrogen-limiting conditions. We propose that ARE1 is a key mediator of NUE and represents a promising target for breeding high-yield cultivars under nitrogen-limiting condition.
Highlights
IntroductionNitrogen directly determines productivity and biomass. the improvement of nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) is still a major challenge in modern agriculture
In crops, nitrogen directly determines productivity and biomass
In this study, we have presented multiple lines of evidence demonstrating that ARE1 is a key determinant of the grain yield by modulating nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) in rice
Summary
Nitrogen directly determines productivity and biomass. the improvement of nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) is still a major challenge in modern agriculture. We report the characterization of are[1], a genetic suppressor of a rice fd-gogat mutant defective in nitrogen assimilation. Loss-of-function mutations in ARE1 cause delayed senescence and result in 10–20% grain yield increases, enhance NUE under nitrogen-limiting conditions. Analysis of a panel of 2155 rice varieties reveals that 18% indica and 48% aus accessions carry small insertions in the ARE1 promoter, which result in a reduction in ARE1 expression and an increase in grain yield under nitrogen-limiting conditions. We propose that ARE1 is a key mediator of NUE and represents a promising target for breeding high-yield cultivars under nitrogen-limiting condition. The primary nitrogen assimilation is mediated by the coupled reactions catalyzed by glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase, the latter one known as glutamine:2-oxoglutarate amidotransferase (GOGAT). Null mutations in ARE1 cause the delayed senescence, the enhanced NUE, and the increased grain yield under nitrogen-limiting conditions. We find that the natural variations in the ARE1 promoter are directly associated with its expression and grain yield, thereby identifying ARE1 as a key mediator of NUE and a promising locus for the genetic improvement of NUE in rice
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