Abstract
Genetic variation is a key component for improving a stock through selective breeding programs. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to assess genetic variation in three wild population of the catla carp (Catla catla Hamilton 1822) in the Halda, Jamuna and Padma rivers and one hatchery population in Bangladesh. Five decamer random primers were used to amplify RAPD markers from 30 fish from each population. Thirty of the 55 scorable bands were polymorphic, indicating some degree of genetic variation in all the populations. The proportion of polymorphic loci and gene diversity values reflected a relatively higher level of genetic variation in the Halda population. Sixteen of the 30 polymorphic loci showed a significant (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001) departure from homogeneity and the FST values in the different populations indicated some degree of genetic differentiation in the population pairs. Estimated genetic distances between populations were directly correlated with geographical distances. The unweighted pair group method with averages (UPGMA) dendrogram showed two clusters, the Halda population forming one cluster and the other populations the second cluster. Genetic variation of C. catla is a useful trait for developing a good management strategy for maintaining genetic quality of the species.
Highlights
The catla carp (Catla catla Hamilton 1822: Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) is an Indian major carp and one of the major aquaculture species of Bangladesh, India, Myanmar (Burma) and Pakistan (Jhingran, 1968)
The identification of pure C. catla stock using molecular markers based on allozyme analysis, microsatellites, mitochondrial DNA, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) and allied methodologies are useful for piscine gene pool conservation and enhancement of aquaculture production of fish species (Welsh and McClelland, 1990; Liu and Cordes, 2004)
A direct correlation was tested between genetic distance and geographic distance of pairwise populations using the Mantel test (Table 2) and significant correlations were found between the Halda-Padma (p < 0.05), the Halda-Jamuna (p < 0.01), the Halda-hatchery and the Jamuna-hatchery (p < 0.001) populations, whereas no significant correlations were observed for the Jamuna-Padma and the Padma-hatchery population pairs
Summary
Genetic variation of wild and hatchery populations of the catla Indian major carp (Catla catla Hamilton 1822: Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) revealed by RAPD markers. S.M. Zakiur Rahman, Mukhlesur Rahman Khan, Shahidul Islam and Samsul Alam2 1Department of Biotechnology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
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