Abstract
Genetic diversity in thirty Indian potatoes were analyzed employing karyotype, genome size and RAPD markers. Chromosome analysis revealed 2n = 4x = 48 except cv. K. Chandramukhi (2n = 4x + 2 = 50). Total genomic chromosome length and chromosome volume varied from 21.14µm in cv. K. Pukhraj to 31.91µm in cv. MS/89-60 and 14.31µm³ in cv. MS/92-1090 to 33.16µm³ in cv. JW-160 respectively. 4C DNA content was significantly varied from 3.640 pg (~891 Mbp) in cv. MS/92-1090 to 11.12 pg (~2747 Mbp) in cv. K. Chandramukhi. RAPD revealed 131 amplified DNA fragments (300 to 2200 bp) with 79 unique bands (7 to 71% polymorphism) among the genotypes. Similarity coefficients (ranged from 0.29 to 0.93) and cluster analysis reflected the expected trends in relationships of the full and half-sib potato genotypes. Genetic distances obtained from a dendrogram could help breeders to choose the diverse parents for a breeding program aimed at varietal improvement.
Highlights
Potatoes are a high yielding short duration crop that produces high dry matter and protein per unit area and unit time among the major food crops
Genetic identification of cultivars and varieties are useful in maintaining a germplasm and planning of breeding programs for new cultivar production to meet the demand of this crop to grow in different agroclimatic environments
DNA markers generated from randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is used to assess and characterize genetic variations among plant genotypes of interest at the DNA level (Williams et al 1990), which is not necessarily expressed as differences in phenotype
Summary
Potatoes are a high yielding short duration crop that produces high dry matter and protein per unit area and unit time among the major food crops. DNA markers generated from randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is used to assess and characterize genetic variations among plant genotypes of interest at the DNA level (Williams et al 1990), which is not necessarily expressed as differences in phenotype. The genome size of different genotypes was calculated from their 4C DNA values and according to their ploidy level.
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