Abstract
Genetic variation study was conducted at Guay Kebele, D/Elias district in 2018/19, to select superior varieties of bread wheat on farmer’s field. Ten alternative bread wheat varieties including standard check were evaluated under rain fed conditions using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of phenological, agronomic and quality traits indicated the presence of significant (P<0.05) variation in protein content and harvest index while, days to 50% emergence, days to 75% heading, days to maturity, plant height, effective tiller, spikelet per spike, spike length, grain per spike, biomass yield, grain yield, 1000 kernel weight, hectoliter weight showed highly significant (P<0.01) difference. Abola (3.99ton-ha -1 ) and Ogoloncho (3.87ton-ha -1 ) were the higher yielders over the standard check(Kekeba=3.18ton-ha -1 ) and to the other varieties tested. Grain yield revealed strong, positive and highly significant correlation with harvest index (r=0.88**), plant height (r=0.67**), number of effective tillers (r=0.73**), spike length (r=0.74**), spikelet per spike (r=0.70**), number of grain per spike (r=0.80**), biomass yield (r=0.85**), 1000 seed weight (r=0.76**) and hectoliter weight (r=0.83**). T he higher genotypic coefficient of variation was observed from thousand kernel weight (79.27%) and the higher phenotypic coefficient of variance was also observed from thousand kernel weight (88.25) and effective tiler weight (26.94%). Spikelet per spike (92.42%), grain yield (80.39%), hectoliter weight (96.6%), plant height (85.49%) and days to physiological maturity (95.7%) had higher heritability with moderate and low genetic advances. Therefore, based on the results of this there were variability among the tested varieties and then Abola and Ogoloncho are recommended for any genetic improvement as well as for production in the study area. Keywords: Bread wheat, coefficient of variation, correlation, heritability, standard check DOI : 10.7176/JBAH/9-11-07 Publication date :June 30 th 2019
Highlights
Bead wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 2n=6x=42), is alloploid, a self-pollinating annual plant in the true grass family Gramineae (Poaceae) and it is largest cereal crop extensively grown as staple food sources in the world (Mollasadeghi et al, 2012)
DE = days to 50% emergence, DH= days to 75% heading, DM =, days to 90% maturity, PH= plant height, ETN= effective tiller number, SPS= spikelet per spike, SPL= spike length, NGS= grains per spike, BY= biomass yield, GY= Grain yield, TKW= thousand kernel weight, HI= harvest index, HLW= hectoliter weight, PC= protein content, **= highly significantly (P
This study generally indicated that there was genetic variability among the varieties tested in the study area
Summary
Bead wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 2n=6x=42), is alloploid, a self-pollinating annual plant in the true grass family Gramineae (Poaceae) and it is largest cereal crop extensively grown as staple food sources in the world (Mollasadeghi et al, 2012). In Amhara region administrative Zones, East Gojjam zone Ranks first in area coverage and productivity which is 127,469.49ha with 25.05qt/ha followed by South Wollo 99,702.51ha with 22.98qt/ha, and North Shoa 83,238.27ha with 25.96qt/ha respectively (CSA, 2017). To evolve superior genotype for further hybridization and selection it is important to get precise information on the nature and degree of genetic diversity present in wheat collections from principal areas of cultivation. Existence of genetic diversity is very essential to meet the present and future crop breeding challenges. It is a prerequisite for the development of improved cultivars with wider adaptability and. Genetic variation of bread wheat varieties based on phenological, growth and quality traits selection was conducted to evaluate and identify high yielding and good quality of bread wheat based on the difference in the genetic makeup of the varieties at Guay Kebele in Debre Elias district
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