Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the genetic characteristics of 25 Y-chromosomal and 15 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci in 305 unrelated Han Chinese male individuals from Liaoning Province using AmpFISTR® Yfiler® Plus and IdentifilerTM PCR amplification kits. Population comparison was performed between Liaoning Han population and different ethnic groups to better understand the genetic background of the Liaoning Han population. For Y-STR loci, the overall haplotype diversity was 0.9997 and the discrimination capacity was 0.9607. Gene diversity values ranged from 0.4525 (DYS391) to 0.9617 (DYS385). Rst and two multi-dimensional scaling plots showed that minor differences were observed when the Liaoning Han population was compared to the Jilin Han Chinese, Beijing Han Chinese, Liaoning Manchu, Liaoning Mongolian, Liaoning Xibe, Shandong Han Chinese, Jiangsu Han Chinese, Anhui Han Chinese, Guizhou Han Chinese and Liaoning Hui populations; by contrast, major differences were observed when the Shanxi Han Chinese, Yunnan Bai, Jiangxi Han Chinese, Guangdong Han Chinese, Liaoning Korean, Hunan Tujia, Guangxi Zhuang, Gansu Tibetan, Xishuangbanna Dai, South Korean, Japanese and Hunan Miao populations. For autosomal STR loci, DP ranged from 0.9621 (D2S1338) to 0.8177 (TPOX), with PE distributing from 0.7521 (D18S51) to 0.2988 (TH01). A population comparison was performed and no statistically significant differences were detected at any STR loci between Liaoning Han, China Dong, and Shaanxi Han populations. The results showed that the 25 Y-STR and 15 autosomal STR loci in the Liaoning Han population were valuable for forensic applications and human genetics, and Liaoning Han was an independent endogenous ethnicity with a unique subpopulation structure.
Highlights
Liaoning Province, located in the northeast of China, is known in Chinese as “the Golden Triangle” from its shape and strategic location
Population comparison was performed between Liaoning Han population and different ethnic groups to better understand the genetic background of the Liaoning Han population
We strictly followed the recommendations of the DNA Commission of the International Society of Forensic Genetics (ISFG) for Y-short tandem repeat (STR) analysis [13]
Summary
Liaoning Province, located in the northeast of China, is known in Chinese as “the Golden Triangle” from its shape and strategic location. It was established in 1907 as the name of Fengtian and changed to Liaoning in 1929, with an estimated population of approximately 43.91 million. Liaoning Han individuals mainly migrated from Shandong Peninsula during the hundred-year period starting at the last half of the 19th century. During the first two centuries of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, Liaoning Province is the traditional homeland of the ruling Manchus with only certain Manchu Bannermen, Mongol Bannermen, and Chinese Bannermen allowed in. It is interesting to observe how much admixture took place over the past 100 years among Han Chinese and other groups
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