Abstract
BackgroundMicrobial communities are influenced by environmental factors including host genetics. We investigated the relationship between host bitter taste receptor genotype hTAS2R38 and oral microbiota, together with the influence of geographical location.MethodshTAS2R38 polymorphisms and 16S bacterial gene sequencing from oral samples were analyzed from a total of 45 healthy volunteers from different geographical locations.ResultsGenetic variation in the bitter taste receptor TAS2R38 reflected in the microbial composition of oral mucosa in Finnish and Spanish subjects. Multivariate analysis showed significant differences in the microbial composition between country and also dependent on taste genotype. Oral microbiota was shown to be more stable to the geographical location impact among AVI-homozygotes than PAV-homozygotes or heterozygotes (PAV/AVI).ConclusionGeographical location and genetic variation in the hTAS2R38 taste receptor impact oral mucosa microbial composition. These findings provide an advance in the knowledge regarding the interactions between taste receptor genes and oral microbiota. This study suggests the role of host-microbiota interactions on the food taste perception in food choices, nutrition, and eating behavior.
Highlights
Microbial communities are influenced by environmental factors including host genetics
We focused on three questions: (1) is there an association between One of the bitter taste receptors (TAS2R38) taste receptor and oral microbiota of humans, (2) is there a food cultural impact on differences of oral microbiota based on geographical origin of subjects, (3) is there a connection between genetic variation and functional activity of microbes
Genotype (P = 0.019) while no effect of country was found in Homozygotic diplotype composed by two AVI-haplotypes (AVI/AVI) genotype (Fig. 2c). These results suggest that AVI/AVI genotype microbiome is more stable to the environmental factors than the sensitive genotypes (PAV/AVI and PAV/ PAV)
Summary
Microbial communities are influenced by environmental factors including host genetics. We investigated the relationship between host bitter taste receptor genotype hTAS2R38 and oral microbiota, together with the influence of geographical location. Tasty food is more likely acceptable, but the importance of foods and their taste may differ in different consumers. Human sense of taste detects at least sweetness, saltiness, sourness, bitterness, and umami. The perception of bitterness is known to be the most complex taste sensation with 25 G-protein-coupled TAS2R receptors [1]. The genes coding the bitter TAS2R receptors are already well known by geneticists [2]. Differences in genotypes vary with respect to amino acid substitutions encoded at certain positions on some of the bitter receptor proteins. The most studied human taste receptor in TAS2R bitter taste receptor family is TAS2R38
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