Abstract
ObjectiveTo identify novel genetic associations with white matter hyperintensities (WMH).MethodsWe performed a genome-wide association meta-analysis of WMH volumes in 11,226 individuals, including 8,429 population-based individuals from UK Biobank and 2,797 stroke patients. Replication of novel loci was performed in an independent dataset of 1,202 individuals. In all studies, WMH were quantified using validated automated or semi-automated methods. Imputation was to either the Haplotype Reference Consortium or 1,000 Genomes Phase 3 panels.ResultsWe identified a locus at genome-wide significance in an intron of PLEKHG1 (rs275350, β [SE] = 0.071 [0.013]; p = 1.6 × 10−8), a Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor that is involved in reorientation of cells in the vascular endothelium. This association was validated in an independent sample (overall p value, 2.4 × 10−9). The same single nucleotide polymorphism was associated with all ischemic stroke (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval (CI)] 1.07 [1.03–1.12], p = 0.00051), most strongly with the small vessel subtype (OR [95% CI] 1.09 [1.00–1.19], p = 0.044). Previous associations at 17q25 and 2p16 reached genome-wide significance in this analysis (rs3744020; β [SE] = 0.106 [0.016]; p = 1.2 × 10−11 and rs7596872; β [SE] = 0.143 [0.021]; p = 3.4 × 10−12). All identified associations with WMH to date explained 1.16% of the trait variance in UK Biobank, equivalent to 6.4% of the narrow-sense heritability.ConclusionsGenetic variation in PLEKHG1 is associated with WMH and ischemic stroke, most strongly with the small vessel subtype, suggesting it acts by promoting small vessel arteriopathy.
Highlights
We performed a genome-wide association meta-analysis of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) volumes in 11,226 individuals, including 8,429 population-based individuals from UK Biobank and 2,797 stroke patients
We identified a locus at genome-wide significance in an intron of PLEKHG1, a Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor that is involved in reorientation of cells in the vascular endothelium
The same single nucleotide polymorphism was associated with all ischemic stroke (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval (CI)] 1.07 [1.03–1.12], p = 0.00051), most strongly with the small vessel subtype (OR [95% CI] 1.09 [1.00–1.19], p = 0.044)
Summary
We performed a genome-wide association meta-analysis of WMH volumes in 11,226 individuals, including 8,429 population-based individuals from UK Biobank and 2,797 stroke patients. UK Biobank (ukbiobank.ac.uk) is a prospective study that recruited 500,000 community-dwelling participants aged. A subset of UK Biobank participants underwent MRI of the head.[7] This study used the second release of MRI data, including 9,045 participants who underwent brain MRI, on average 6.6 years (SD 1.0 years) after initial recruitment at mean age 55.5 years (SD 7.4 years) and had usable T2 fluidattenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) or diffusion tensor imaging images. We excluded participants with a diagnosis of stroke (ICD-9/ICD-10 or self-report or health record linkage), multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, dementia, or any other neurodegenerative disease at baseline, as well as participants with no genetic data. Following visual inspection of the data by the authors, 3 further participants with outlying tract-averaged water diffusion biomarker values were removed
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