Abstract
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprints were obtained for 4 Parrotfishes (genus Scarus) namely, Scarus collana Ruppell 1835; Scarus frenatus Lacepede 1802; Scarus (Chlorurus) sordidus Forsskal 1775 andScarus niger Forsskal 1775 using RAPD-PCR typing technique. A total of 111 bands (ranging from 200 to 2000 base pair) were produced, 13 monomorphic (common) and 98 polymorphic (88.29% level of polymorphism). The Scarus frenatus recorded highest band frequencies among studied species. Under phenetic approaches clustering using unweighted pair group method average (UPGMA) based on Nei-72 genetic distance, principal coordinate analysis (PCOA), and neighbour joining (NJ) based on pairwise mean character differences, the studied scarids formed two groups as sister taxa and most likely to have the most common ancestor. There is a close genetic relatedness among group members [Scarus collana/Scarus niger and Scarus frenatus/Scarus sordidus]. According to parsimony (Cladistic) analysis, RAPD markers obtained are reliable and phylogenetically instructive. The four parrotfishes are related, but S. frenatus, S. sordidus, and S. niger have a close evolutionary relationships. Splitting of Scarus collana as basal group suggested a common ancestor having unique features (synapomorphies) be inherited in the studied parrotfishes. This study’s results possibly provide useful information about the genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships among parrotfishes.
Highlights
Fishes are diverse species within the animal kingdom including about 50% of recognized vertebrates
A hundred and eleven bands were produced with an average of 9.25 bands per primer, from them 13 bands with 11.71% level of monomorphism were common among the studied species
Phylogeny Analyses and Genetic Relationships Phenetic Analysis of Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Data : According to the Nei-72 genetic distance matrix (Table 2), the genetic distance values ranged from 0.5506 to 0.7777. These results suggest that genetically closest scarid species are S. collana and S. niger; S.sordidus and S.niger followed by Scarus frenatus and Scarus sordidus
Summary
Fishes are diverse species within the animal kingdom including about 50% of recognized vertebrates. Red Sea harbors over 1,000 fish species, mostly associated with coral reefs and display diverse colour patterns. Mohammed Bassyouni M.EL-Mahdi (juveniles), or noticeably colour differences during sexual development (wrasses, Labridae) (Randall, 1982). Parrotfishes include about 95 species, formerly assigned to a family-level taxon (Scaridae) but recently reclassified as scarine labrids (subfamily Scarinae, family Labridae). Others still prefer to maintain them as a familylevel taxon (Bellwood, 1994; Choat and Bellwood, 1998; Westneat and Alfaro, 2005; Randall, 2007)
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