Abstract
Advanced button mushroom cultivars that are less sensitive to mechanical bruising are required by the mushroom industry, where automated harvesting still cannot be used for the fresh mushroom market. The genetic variation in bruising sensitivity (BS) of Agaricus bisporus was studied through an incomplete set of diallel crosses to get insight in the heritability of BS and the combining ability of the parental lines used and, in this way, to estimate their breeding value. To this end nineteen homokaryotic lines recovered from wild strains and cultivars were inter-crossed in a diallel scheme. Fifty-one successful hybrids were grown under controlled conditions, and the BS of these hybrids was assessed. BS was shown to be a trait with a very high heritability. The results also showed that brown hybrids were generally less sensitive to bruising than white hybrids. The diallel scheme allowed to estimate the general combining ability (GCA) for each homokaryotic parental line and to estimate the specific combining ability (SCA) of each hybrid. The line with the lowest GCA is seen as the most attractive donor for improving resistance to bruising. The line gave rise to hybrids sensitive to bruising having the highest GCA value. The highest negative SCA possibly indicates heterosis effects for resistance to bruising. This study provides a foundation for estimating breeding value of parental lines to further study the genetic factors underlying bruising sensitivity and other quality-related traits, and to select potential parental lines for further heterosis breeding. The approach of studying combining ability in a diallel scheme was used for the first time in button mushroom breeding.
Highlights
Agaricus bisporus is one of the most widely cultivated mushrooms in the world
Visible-near-infrared spectroscopy was used to confirm the release of vesicular contents during cytoplasm breakdown and the activation of tyrosinase which catalyzes the oxidation of phenolics to quinones [4]
Genetic analysis for bruising sensitivity is a tool for unraveling the basis of different mechanisms involved in mushroom bruising and discoloration, which is the prerequisite for mushroom breeding
Summary
Agaricus bisporus (button mushroom) is one of the most widely cultivated mushrooms in the world. The homokaryotic parental lines of some selected heterokaryotic lines were recovered through protoplasting These lines were used to generate a diallel set of crosses in order to study the combining ability for BS and the breeding value of the parental lines. This has never been done before in button mushroom breeding. This study intends to examine whether this approach provides a good basis for the selection of parental lines for breeding advanced cultivars that are less sensitive to mechanical bruising and the choice of parental lines for genetic studies to elucidate genes involved in BS and other agronomic traits
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