Abstract
The TORC2 gene is responsible for nutrient metabolism, gluconeogenesis, myogenesis and adipogenesis through the PI3K-Akt, AMPK, glucagon and insulin resistance signaling pathways. Sequencing of PCR amplicons explored three novel SNPs at loci g.16534694G>A, g.16535011C>T, and g.16535044A>T in the promoter region of the TORC2 gene in the Qinchuan breed of cattle. Allelic and genotypic frequencies of these SNPs deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) (P < 0.05). SNP1 genotype GG, SNP2 genotype CT and SNP3 genotype AT showed significantly (P <0.05) larger body measurement and improved carcass quality traits. Haplotype H1 (GCA) showed significantly (p<0.01) higher transcriptional activity (51.44%) followed by H4 (ATT) (34.13%) in bovine preadipocytes. The diplotypes HI-H3 (GG-CC-AT), H1-H2 (GG-CT-AT) and H3-H4 (GA-CT-TT) showed significant (P<0.01) associations with body measurement and improved carcass quality traits. Analysis of the relative mRNA expression level of the TORC2 gene in different tissues within two different age groups revealed a significant increase (P<0.01) in liver, small intestine, muscle and fat tissues with growth from calf stage to adult stage. We can conclude that variants mapped within TORC2 can be used in marker-assisted selection for carcass quality and body measurement traits in breed improvement programs of Qinchuan cattle.
Highlights
Allelic and genotypic frequencies analysis exhibited that all three Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) (Table 2, p < 0.05)
The results of the present study showed a significant association of genotypes, haplotypes and diplotypes with body measurement and carcass quality traits
GCA (H1) with meat quality and body measurement traits; and highest transcriptional activity in bovine preadipocytes may be the gain of transcription factor binding sites due to genotype GG
Summary
There are three members of TORC gene family: TORC1, TORC2 and TORC3, which is known as CRTC [CREB (cAMP response element binding protein)-regulated transcription. Investigation of TORC2 genetic polymorphisms might contribute to breed improvement programs for carcass quality and body measurement traits in beef cattle. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the STAT3 [23], SIRT3 [26], KLF3 [27] SIX1 [24] and SIX4 [28] genes promoter regions impacted body measurement and meat quality traits in the Qinchuan cattle breed. This study was designed with the objective of exploring SNPs in the TORC2 gene promoter region, the impact of these SNPs on the sequences of transcription factor binding sites and their association with body measurement and carcass quality traits. The findings of the present study will enhance our understanding of the TORC2 gene regulation pattern, and the genetic variants may contribute to marker-assisted selection for breed improvement programs of Qinchuan cattle
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