Abstract
Kappa casein (K-Ca) genetic variations affected quality and composition of the milk. Several variants of Kappa casein (K-Ca) gene locus IV have been reported with special interest for the ‘B’ allele for its relation to the milk protein and fat yields. Genotyping and allelic frequencies of K-Ca among Native Egyptian breeds of cattle and buffalo were the aim of the present study. PCR amplification of DNA isolated from 300 blood samples collected from Holstein and Baladi cattle and buffalo were performed followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism using Hind-III restriction endonuclease (PCR-RFLP). Detection of ‘AA’ and ‘AB’ genotypes in cattle breeds, ‘BB’ and ‘AB’ in buffalo and two alleles ‘A’ and ‘B’ in the studied breeds. Molecular selection for animals carrying the ‘B’ allele could impact breeding programs for dairy production in native cattle and buffalo breeds in Egypt. ast-language:AR-SA'>Simulated daily cycle of temperature was compared with data registered at six meteorological stations located in the cultivated floor of the semiarid Limari Valley (Chile, 31°S). Although in some cases the simulated temperature differs in about 2°C with the observed one, a good fit between model results and experimental data was observed. Using the simulated seasonal minimum and maximum mean temperature fields, maps of temperature differences with respect to a reference station were drawn. In order to observe the influence of the orography on the lapse rate around a station, the methodology was applied for two reference stations located in places with different orographic characteristics. Results for winter and summer seasons are shown. These generated maps can be used by farmers and agricultural planners to obtain information of seasonal minimum and maximum mean temperature from a station in any site of the cultivated area. This technique is a good alternative to obtain meteorological information at low costs, contributing to territorial planning for climate resilient agriculture sustainability.
Highlights
Improvement of milk yield and its composition is the primary goal for animal selection in dairy industry
PCR amplification of DNA isolated from 300 blood samples collected from Holstein and Baladi cattle and buffalo were performed followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism using Hind-III restriction endonuclease (PCR-RFLP)
Animal selection on the basis of molecular markers considered to be more reliable than any other criterion (Riaz et al, 2008), as the using of DNA polymorphic markers allows the determination of individual genotypes at many loci and provides information on population parameters like allelic and genotypic frequencies which can be used as a tool for improving the animal selection through marker assisted selection (Kumar et al, 2006)
Summary
Improvement of milk yield and its composition is the primary goal for animal selection in dairy industry. Several studies have been reported that, milk protein variants, caseins are associated with lactation performance and have major influence on milk composition and its processing properties (Kastonina et al, 2004; Denisenko & Kalashnikova, 2004; Konovalova et al, 2004). Polymorphism of casein gene has been intensely studied in different cattle breeds (Ceriotti et al, 2004; Wedholm et al, 2006). K-Ca ‘B’ allele was reported to have a favorable and significant effect on both milk yield and milk protein content in Reggiana dairy local cattle (Caroli et al, 2004), different Indian buffaloes breeds (Raj et al, 2008), nili-ravi buffalo (Riaz et al, 2008). Its favorable effect on milk technological properties and cheese yield in taurine and zebu cattle breeds (Ceriotti et al, 2004) and Brazilian cattle (Azevedo et al, 2008), desirable coagulation properties reported in Finnish Ayrshire cows (Ikonen et al, 1997)
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