Genetic Variances, Heritability and Traits Association of Early Maturing Maize Hybrids under Induced Drought at Seedling and Flowering Stages

Abstract

Aims: Information on traits association and inheritance are crucial to designing appropriate breeding strategies for improving maize production and productivity in drought-prone ecologies. The objectives of this study were to investigate inter-trait relationships among maize hybrids and estimate genetic variances and heritability of drought tolerance parameters under seedling and flowering drought conditions.
 Methodology: Sixty-six single cross hybrids generated using diallel mating design plus nine hybrid checks were evaluated using a 5 x 15 alpha lattice and randomized complete block designs in three replicates on the field and in the screenhouse respectively, during 2015 cropping season. Data were collected on grain yield, ears per plant, anthesis-silking interval, seedling aspect, chlorophyll content and leaf area and these data were subjected to analysis of variance as well as correlation and path coefficient analyses.
 Results: Significant mean squares (P = .05) were observed for all measured traits except leaf area and shoot fresh weight. Narrow-sense heritability estimate for grain yield was moderate (33.4%) on the field and low (0 – 25%) for all the seedling traits. The low narrow-sense heritability estimates observed for most seedling traits implied that the scope for improvement of these traits in the genotypes is limited. Seedling traits under drought stress were not directly correlated with grain yield on the field except number of dead leaves relative to the total number of leaves. Results of the path analysis revealed that number of leaves, number of dead leaves and chlorophyll content under the screenhouse conditions had significant direct effects on grain yield on the field.
 Conclusion: Number of leaves, and chlorophyll content under drought at seedling stage could therefore be used as indicator traits for grain yield improvement in maize exposed to drought stress at flowering stage.