Abstract
A análise da variabilidade genética de populações a serem utilizadas em programas de melhoramento genético é importante para a seleção de uma população base, a qual maximize a divergência genética entre as populações selecionadas. Duas populações cativas de Rhamdia quelen foram analisadas com marcadores microssatélites. Para a amplificação dos loci foram utilizados os seguintes primers marcados com fluoróforos: Pcor1 (FAM), Pcor2 (TET), Pc17 (HEX), Pc97 (TET) e Rh1 (FAM). Os cinco loci de microssatélites analisados apresentaram-se altamente polimórficos e informativos, com uma média de 9,8 alelos/locus. O coeficiente de endogamia (FIS) apresentou valores negativos, evidenciando que não houve cruzamentos consanguíneos. O teste de diferenciação alélica e genotípica entre as duas populações foi estatisticamente significativo, e o valor de divergência genética total (FST) foi de 0,01939, indicando baixo nível de divergência genética nas populações. A análise de variância molecular (AMOVA) demonstrou que a maior variabilidade genética se encontra dentro das populações (98,06%). Os marcadores microssatélites utilizados foram eficientes para a análise da estrutura e variabilidade genética das populações cativas de Rhamdia quelen. O manejo reprodutivo adotado mostrou-se adequado, uma vez que garantiu a manutenção da variabilidade genética das populações.
Highlights
Since its inception, Brazilian ish farming has focused on the production of exotic species, such as tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (ANDRADE; YASUI, 2003; OSTRENSKY et al, 2007), because there is extensive knowledge about the biology and productive management of these species and genetically improved strains
The results demonstrate that, the genetic variability in the studied captive populations is high, there are low levels of genetic differentiation
The microsatellite markers used in this study were powerful tools for the analysis of genetic variability in R. quelen populations
Summary
Brazilian ish farming has focused on the production of exotic species, such as tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (ANDRADE; YASUI, 2003; OSTRENSKY et al, 2007), because there is extensive knowledge about the biology and productive management of these species and genetically improved strains. Zootechnical protocols have been developed for the cultivation of certain species; management of reproductive populations is still executed in a precarious way because of deiciencies in breeding control in nursery centers, genetic selection programs, and information about the genetic diversity in targeted populations (KOCHER et al, 1998). The identiication and genetic characterization of a species are fundamental for the implementation of genetic improvement programs of captive animals (HILSDORF; KRIEGER, 1998). These programs are based on the knowledge of the genetic variability of organisms, which promotes the selection of breeders with high growth rates and desirable physiological characteristics. The identiication of genetic variation among and within populations of species that are candidates for breeding programs is of paramount importance for the delimitation of optimal strategies for conservation and management of these species
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