Genetic variability of Brazilian wheat germplasm obtained by high-density SNP genotyping

Adriana Scherlosky,Alessandro Lucca Braccini,Francisco De Assis Franco,Ivan Schuster,Volmir Sérgio Marchioro

doi:10.1590/1984-70332018v18n4a59

Adriana Scherlosky, Alessandro Lucca Braccini + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332018v18n4a59

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Abstract

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of the wheat germplasm using high-density genotyping with SNP markers. A set of 211 wheat varieties genotyped with 35,142 SNP markers were used in the experiment. Genetic distances ranged from 0.013 to 0.471, with the highest frequency of distances varying between 0.31 and 0.40. In the cluster analysis by the UPGMA method, 81% of the varieties were clustered in three groups. Genetic variability in the Brazilian wheat germplasm has remained constant for over 70 years. Mean genetic distances among the varieties developed in each decade ranged from 0.33 to 0.34. A trend of genetic distance between genotypes from different eras has been observed over time as a result of breeding. Results described in this study can help Brazilian wheat breeders to manage more adequately genetic variability in the Brazilian wheat germplasm.

Highlights

One of the features of plant breeding in Brazil is the possibility of using commercial varieties in crosses regardless of the intellectual property associated with them (Riede et al 2001)
We investigated the genetic variability of a set of 36 Brazilian varieties of wheat using microsatellite markers, and identified genetic distances of 0.10 to 0.88 (Schuster et al 2009)
We demonstrate that the wheat germplasm being used in Brazil has a good level of variability, and this variability has been maintained in the last four decades

Summary

Introduction

One of the features of plant breeding in Brazil is the possibility of using commercial varieties in crosses regardless of the intellectual property associated with them (Riede et al 2001) This is the so-called breeder’s right, provided for by the Plant Variety Protection (PVP) Law in Brazil (Law 9456, from 1997). This possibility allows the sharing of genetic variability between the various breeding programs. The most part of the exotic genome is not adapted and must be eliminated after being introduced as a source of variability, through successive breeding cycles For this reason, in most cases, breeding programs use exclusively germplasm already improved for the generation of breeding populations and variability

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