Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a high-yielding crop with a wide range of adaptability, and it is the world's and Ethiopia's principal source of food. In Ethiopia, however, wheat productivity has increased in recent years. Due to abiotic like heat, drought, frost and others and biotic like rusts (Stem, yellow and leaf), Septoria, fusarium and others causes, it is still quite low when compared to other wheat-producing countries. The objectives were to test variability of genotypic and phenotypic and also heritability and genetic advance in bread wheat genotypes. Hence, in this studied conducted on 30 bread wheat genotypes of yield and associated traits was assessed. A trial was undertaken Holetta in Ethiopia in 2018/19 cropping season. The materials were tested using a three-replication alpha lattice pattern. Data on yield and associated traits were analyzed using SAS versions 9.3 software. The heritability estimates for 1000 kernel weight were found to be very high, at 81.14 percent. The trait 1000 kernel weight was also shown to have a high heritability couple with a high genetic advance as a percentage of the mean. So it concluded that 1000 kernel weight may be targeted as the selection criteria for the grain yield improvement However, further study needs to be conducted the future bread wheat breeding effort should be focus on varietal development.
Highlights
Wheat production in the world is virtually the two types of modern wheat species, viz. Tetraploid (T. turgidum sub sp. durum, 2n = 4X =28) and hexaploid (Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6X = 42). [31]Bekele H reported that wheat can be grown in the Ethiopia’s high lands [6], which have been located from 35° and 42°E longitude and 6° to 16°N latitude, at altitudes ranging from 1500 to 3000 meters above sea level
It contributes a substantial amount to the country's food and nutritional security. [17] reported that the nationwide average wheat productivity is 2.37 t/ha, which is much lower than the worldwide average of 3.27 t/ha
Estimation of Heritability and Genetic Advance According to [33] heritability estimations, thousand kernel weights (81.14 %) have a very high heredity estimate, whereas days to heading (43.93), days to maturity (51.33 %), hectoliter weight (57.51 %), and grain yield have moderate heritability estimates (41.77%)
Summary
A yield gap was ascribed to a lack of better wheat varieties for the country's many agro-ecologies, as well as inadequate cultural practices, poor soil fertility, drought, diseases, and insect pests, among other factors These are Ethiopia's primary wheat production limitations [18]. To tackle those limitations it is crucial to create information on the variance of phenotypic and genotypic, genetic advance as well as heritability among wheat varieties. Genetic information in wheat genotypes studied in the nation is confined to grain yield and related characteristics Such data is critical for the genetic variation progress and future wheat enhancement, both in the area as well as throughout the nation. The present studies objective was to test variability of genotypic and phenotypic in bread wheat genotypes, and heritability and genetic advance
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