Abstract
Present experiment was conducted on 32 sunflower genotypes (11 CMS lines and 21 Restorer lines) on the basis of their diverse origin, growth habit, phenology and adaptation with an object to assess variation in oil yield attributing traits. The total variability consisting heritable and non-heritable components of the characters were estimated by genotypic (GCV) and phenotypic (PCV) coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance (GA) and the best positive traits for sunflower improvement through selection and breeding were assessed. All the characters among the different genotypes exhibited significant variation. Oil yield was highly significant and positively correlated with seed yield (kg/ha) (0.95), number of filled grain/head (0.85), grain filling% (0.65), days to 50% flowering (0.417), plant height (0.33). Seed yield (kg/ha) was highly significant and positively correlated with plant height (0.33), head diameter (0.30). Seed yield (kg/ha) varied from 625 (CMS-16A) to 1120(CMS-302A) in lines and 576 (EC-601751) to 1221(R-630) in testers respectively. The highest 100 seed weight and hull content (%) was obtained from P-2-7-1A. Seed yield, oil yield (kg/ha) and numbers of filled grains were obtained from EC 601978. Genotypes were classified into eight distinct clusters with a maximum inter distance observed between cluster VI and VII. The experiment assisted to identify the superior genotype among diverse genotypes of sunflower which can act as parents with desirable traits like number of filled grain/head, volume weight/100 ml, 100 seed weight, oil content and seed yield/plant for further breeding purposes.
Highlights
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L., 2n = 34)) is a very good source of vegetable oil due to high oil quality and high concentration of poly unsaturated fatty acids with 35-42% oil content in seeds
High heritability combined with high genetic advance was reported by Sujatha et al (2002) for plant height; Vidhyavathi et al (2005) for number of filled seeds/head; Khan et al (2007) for plant height and head diameter; Hladni et al (2011) for number of filled seeds/ head and seed yield/ plant; Tan (2010) for plant height and head diameter and 100 seed weight; Gontcharov et al (2011) for seed yield and 100 seed weight; Ramesh et al (2013) for plant height. It can be concluded from the above findings wherein the results of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), heritability and genetic advance as percentage of mean have been furnished, revealed that selection for plant height, head diameter, 100-seed weight and volume weight (g) per 100 ml might be effective, whereas for maturity duration selection should be practiced in the advance generations. These findings indicated that lines CMS 302A, P-2-7-1A, CMS-853A, CMS-207A, and tester- EC-623027,R630, R-138-2, R-107, EC 623011 for seed yield; lines- CMS 10A, CMS 16A and CMS 850A and testers- EC623011,EC-623016 and EC-512682 for early maturity, medium plant height with low hull content were best parents over the environments for development of short duration with medium height and low hull content
The presence of high levels of variations among the traits such as number of filled grain/head, volume weight/ 100 ml, 100-seed weight, oil content and seed yield/plant were observed in this experiment
Summary
Sunflower improvement progrm mainly depends on hybridization by using desirable parent with genetically diverse. Information regarding the nature and magnitude of genotypic and phenotypic variability is very important to initiate any plant improvement program. It is very important to the plant breeders that portion of variability which is heritable controlled by genotype. A particular trait can be improved through simple selection, if the heritability estimate for the character is high. A trait which showed high heritability with high genetic advance can be improved through selection. With desirable characters, from diverse groups, in turn, increases the possibility of isolating good recombinants in the segregating generations. Selection of divergent parental material in hybridization program is an important breeding strategy for the development of superior hybrid/cultivar (Madhavi Latha, 2017). By the help of Mahalanobis D2 statistical techniques the parental lines can be identified with presence of high variability and heritability
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