Genetic variability among Schistosoma japonicum isolates from different endemic regions in China revealed by sequences of three mitochondrial DNA genes

Abstract

The present study examined sequence variation in three mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) regions, namely cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 ( cox3), NADH dehydrogenase subunits 4 and 5 ( nad4 and nad5), among Schistosoma japonicum isolates from different endemic regions in China, and their phylogenetic relationships were re-constructed. A portion of the cox3 gene (p cox3), a portion of the nad4 and nad5 genes (p nad4 and p nad5) were amplified separately from individual trematodes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the amplicons were subjected to direct sequencing. In the mountainous areas, sequence variations between parasites from Yunnan and those from Sichuan were 0.3% for p cox3, 0.0–0.1% for p nad4, and 0.0–0.2% for p nad5. In the lake/marshland areas, sequence variations between male and female parasites among different geographical locations were 0.0–0.3% for p cox3, 0.0–0.7% for p nad4, and 0.0–1.6% for p nad5. Sequence variations between S. japonicum from mountainous areas and those from lake/marshland areas were 0.0–0.5% for p cox3, 0.0–0.7% for p nad4, and 0.0–1.6% for p nad5. Phylogenetic analyses based on the combined sequences of p cox3, p nad4 and p nad5 revealed that S. japonicum isolates from mountainous areas (Yunnan and Sichuan provinces) clustered together. For isolates from the lake/marshland areas, isolates from Anhui and Jiangsu provinces clustered together and was sister to samples from Jiangxi province, while isolates from Hubei and Zhejiang province clustered together. However, isolates from different geographical locations in Hunan province were in different clades. These findings demonstrated the usefulness and attributes of the three mtDNA sequences for population genetic studies of S. japonicum, and have implications for studying population biology, molecular epidemiology, and genetic structure of S. japonicum, as well as for the effective control of schistosomiasis.