Abstract
Abstract The influence that genes have on antisocial/criminal behavior has begun to receive a great deal of attention in the criminological literature. Studies that assess the association between criminal behavior and genetic polymorphisms do so by way of gene‐behavior studies, gene × gene studies, and/or gene × environment studies. More specifically, researchers from many disciplines have identified genetic polymorphisms that operate either additively, in conjunction with other genes, and/or in interactions with the environment to influence a variety of antisocial behaviors. These genes are primarily related to the serotonin system, dopamine system, and enzymatic system. A review of the most widely studied genetic polymorphisms that influence criminal behavior is provided below, which include: (1) a serotonin transporter polymorphism (5HTTLPR); (2) serotonin receptor polymorphisms (5HT 2A His452Tyr & 5HT 2A 1438G/A); (3) a dopamine transporter polymorphism (DAT1 3'UTR VNTR); (4) polymorphisms in dopamine receptor genes (DRD2 TaqIA RFLP & DRD4 48bp VNTR); and (5) a monoamine oxidase A polymorphism (MAOA 30bp VNTR). Following this, a discussion on the limitations of this type of research is provided, along with specific directions for future research.
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