Abstract
The frequency of errors during a single cycle of DNA replication is less than 10-10per base pair. This high accuracy is ascribed to three independent steps of DNA replication; base selection by DNA polymerase, elimination of mismatched nucleotide by proofreading exonuclease and post-replication mismatch repair. In addition, elimination of mutagenic substrate from the precursor pool and repair of damaged DNA template are involved. Defect in any one of genes controlling the above mentioned steps would cause high frequency of spontaneous mutation. Significance of genetic instablility in carcinogenesis is discussed, with special reference to hereditary cancer.
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