Abstract
The genetic susceptibility to and vaccine effectiveness against rotavirus gastroenteritis were different in distinct ethnic groups. The case-control study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines and associations between the histo-blood group antigens and susceptibility to rotavirus infections in a Taiwanese population. Cases were children <18 years old who were hospitalized because of laboratory-confirmed rotavirus infection. Controls were healthy children matched to cases by age and gender. The secretor status and Lewis antigen and ABO types were determined by molecular methods. A total of 68 cases and 133 controls were included. Rotavirus immunization was recorded in 8 (12%) cases and 77 (58%) controls, indicating a vaccine effectiveness of 90.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 78.1% − 95.7%). The secretor and Lewis-positive genotypes were independently associated with increased risk of rotavirus infections (matched odds ratio [mOR] 28.5, 95% CI 2.94–277, P = 0.003 and mOR 16.8, 95% CI 1.08–2601, P = 0.04, respectively). The distribution of ABO blood types did not differ significantly between cases and controls (P = 0.47). In conclusion, Taiwanese children with the secretor genotype and Lewis-positive genotype were at increased risk of moderate-to-severe rotavirus infections. The illness can be effectively prevented by immunization in this population.
Highlights
The essential role of HBGA in rotavirus infection has been demonstrated in recent studies
We conducted a case-control study to explore the associations between host genetic factors, including secretor status, Lewis antigen and ABO blood types and severity of AGE caused by rotavirus in Taiwanese children
Results from the current study clearly demonstrated that the secretor genotype and the Lewis-positive genotype were two independent host genetic determinants associated with increased risk of moderate-to-severe rotavirus AGE in Taiwanese children, while the ABO blood type was not related to rotavirus infections
Summary
The essential role of HBGA in rotavirus infection has been demonstrated in recent studies. Another study in Burkina Faso and Nicaragua demonstrated that all P[8]-infected children were positive for Lewis and secretor antigens[7]. One systematic review including 4 publications has further demonstrated that secretors are more susceptible to P[8] infection than are non secretors[8]. It remains essential to continuously monitor vaccine effectiveness and determine how children are susceptible to rotavirus infections during or after implementation of rotavirus vaccination. To this end, we conducted a case-control study to explore the associations between host genetic factors, including secretor status, Lewis antigen and ABO blood types and severity of AGE caused by rotavirus in Taiwanese children. The vaccine effectiveness during the study period was assessed
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