Abstract
Epidemiological and laboratory-based studies have identified infection with one of 15 high-risk human papillo-mavirus (HPV) types as a necessary but not sufficient cause of cervical cancer. The prevalence of genital HPV infections is high in young women, but most of the infections regress without interventions. Host genetic variations in genes involved in immune response pathways may be related to HPV clearance, and HPV E6/E7 oncoproteins interacting or downstream genes, both coding and non-coding, may contribute to the outcome of high risk HPV infection and cervical cancer. Of specific interest for this review has been the selection of genetic variants in genes involved in the above-referred pathways with a summary of their applications in association studies. Because the supportive and opposing data have been reported in different populations, well-designed international collaborative studies need to be conducted to define the consistency of the associations, paving the way to better define the patients at high risk of developing cervical cancer.
Highlights
In spite of substantial declines in both incidence and mortality rates in the past 50 years, cervical cancer remains the second most common cancer among women worldwide, with estimated 493,000 new cases and 274,000 deaths in 2002[1]
Of specific interest in this review has been the selection of several well-characterized genetic variants involved in immune-responsive genes and human papillomavirus (HPV) E6/E7 oncoprotein-interacting or downstream genes to give a summary of their applications in association studies
Previous studies of potentially functional polymorphisms in candidate genes and cervical cancer susceptibility showed lack of consistence, they have advanced our knowledge of the genetic basis of the etiology of this cancer
Summary
a Department of Gynecology, Tumor Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China bDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; cSection of Clinical Epidemiology, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
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