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Abstract
Genetic subtraction and expression profiling of wild-type Arabidopsis and a sporophytic mutant lacking an embryo sac identified 1,260 genes expressed in the embryo sac; a total of 527 genes were identified for their expression in ovules of mutants lacking an embryo sac.
Highlights
The embryo sac contains the haploid maternal cell types necessary for double fertilization and subsequent seed development in plants
The primary difference in the experimental set up between the present study and that conducted by Yu and coworkers [34] is that we did not dissect out the ovules from pistils, whereas Yu and coworkers extracted ovule samples by manual dissection from the carpel, which led to a lower dilution of 'contaminating' cells surrounding the embryo sac
The embryo sac expressed candidate genes may be essential for female gametophyte and seed development Once we had validated the expression of the embryo sac expressed genes, we considered whether these genes could play essential roles during embryo sac and seed development
Summary
The embryo sac contains the haploid maternal cell types necessary for double fertilization and subsequent seed development in plants. The life cycle of plants alternates between diploid (sporophyte) and haploid (male and female gametophytes) generations. Double fertilization is unique to flowering plants; the female gametes, namely the haploid egg cell and the homodiploid central cell, are fertilized by one sperm cell each. The egg, the central cell, and two accessory cell types (two synergid cells and three antipodal cells) are contained in the embryo sac, known as the female gametophyte or megagametophyte, which is embedded within the maternal tissues of the ovule. As a carrier of maternal cell types required for fertilization, the embryo sac provides an interesting model in which to study a variety of developmental aspects relating to cell specification, cell polarity, signaling, cell differentiation, double fertilization, genomic imprinting, and apomixis [1,2,3]
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