Abstract
Londrina is the fourth most populous city in southern Brazil. Its subtropical weather with rain in all seasons, as well as its high population density, make the city perfect for the Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) life cycle. Over the last few years, Londrina presented high infestation indexes and was one of the cities with the most reported cases of dengue. Uncontrolled use of synthetic insecticides may influence the mosquito’s genetic composition. In this paper, we studied mitochondrial DNA and kdr mutations in Aedes aegypti. The analysis of the ND4 gene in 330 specimens showed the presence of 27 haplotypes. The pyrethroid resistance alleles (kdr) evaluated are present in the collected populations, with a 50% frequency of the Val1016Ile and 48% of the Phe1534Cys mutations. Such analysis of the mutations in the populations collected at the State University of Londrina’s campus – a microenvironment that differs from the rest of the city – showed frequencies of 57% and 62%, respectively. The low gene flow observed, Nm = 0.11 and Nm = 0.10, along with the elevated differentiation, Fst = 0.19 and Fst = 0.18, among populations suggest an influence of genetic drift. The strong presence of resistance alleles kdr in the city is evident, which demonstrates that even with the interruption of the use of pyrethroids by the National Dengue Control Program, resistance may be maintained due to domestic use. Thus, the results have shown the need for genetic monitoring, alongside other entomological surveillance monitoring tools, to create strategies of mosquito control.
Highlights
Dengue is a viral infection (DENV) transmitted by the Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) mosquito and can be asymptomatic, mild, or severe (WHO, 2018)
Since 1846, dengue has been reported in Brazil, only in 1986 did it become epidemiologically important after an epidemic in Rio de Janeiro state, becoming endemic in Brazil (Martins et al, 2008)
According to the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), in the last ten years, over 11 million dengue cases have been registered in Brazil
Summary
Dengue is a viral infection (DENV) transmitted by the Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) mosquito and can be asymptomatic, mild, or severe (WHO, 2018). Since 1846, dengue has been reported in Brazil, only in 1986 did it become epidemiologically important after an epidemic in Rio de Janeiro state, becoming endemic in Brazil (Martins et al, 2008). According to the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), in the last ten years, over 11 million dengue cases have been registered in Brazil. In 2019, between Epidemiological Weeks (SE) 1 and 52 (12/30/2018 to 12/30/2019), more than 1,500,000 cases were registered in the country, and 49,509 cases were registered in the South region alone. In the present year of 2020, between SE 1 and 26 (12/29/2019 to 6/27/2020), the South region has already registered 276,873 cases, of which 260,307 cases (with an indication of 2,276.6 cases / 100 thousand hab) are in Paraná State
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