Abstract
Background Fejevarya limnocharis (Dicroglossidae) is found widespread in Peninsular Malaysia. We analyzed the mitochondrial DNA control region sequence data to evaluate the genetic variability and population structure of this species, based on 106 individuals from 14 populations in the west coast (northwest and central west) and two populations from the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia.ResultsOf 519, 13 variable sites (six parsimony informative sites) were observed, defining 14 unique haplotypes. We found very low levels of genetic variability, with three of the 16 populations exhibiting total absence of genetic variation. Both phylogenetic analyses based on NJ and MP methods failed to detect any geographic structuring between the east and west coast (northwest and central west combined) populations.ConclusionsConsequently, it can be inferred that genetic structuring F. limnocharis populations in the Peninsular Malaysia was largely shaped by natural barriers. However, when this breaks down as between the central west and east peninsular regions, genetic differentiation is reduced. Further studies, with more efficient markers and larger populations, especially from the southern regions, are required to corroborate the findings.
Highlights
Fejevarya limnocharis (Dicroglossidae) is found widespread in Peninsular Malaysia
Inherited mitochondrial DNA is an efficient genetic marker in genetic-differentiation studies, due to its higher mutation rate of base substitution compared to nuclear DNA (Qiongying et al 2006)
Sampling location and collection A total of 106 individuals of F. limnocharis representing 16 populations throughout Peninsular Malaysia were sampled during the period of 2010 to 2011
Summary
We analyzed the mitochondrial DNA control region sequence data to evaluate the genetic variability and population structure of this species, based on 106 individuals from 14 populations in the west coast (northwest and central west) and two populations from the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Its distribution covers a number of islands in Indonesia, the Philippines, Phuket, and Singapore and is found as far as the northern, central, southern, and southwestern China (including Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau), western Japan, western half of Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu Districts, and Nansei Islands. This species was introduced into Tsushima and Iki (van Dijk et al 2009). Because of its ability for rapid change, the D-loop region is an ideal choice for addressing population-level genetic questions (Hoelzel et al 1991)
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