Abstract
The Amazon is the largest tropical forest in the world and is home to around 20% of all the biodiversity on the planet, among the species present in the Amazon is Copaifera langsdorffii, exploited mainly for the extraction of oil-resin and wood, often in ways incorrect, which can cause the loss of genetic variability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic structure and diversity among individuals of C. langsdorffii located in Mato Grosso, Brazil, using ISSR markers. We sampled leaves from 27 adult individuals of C. langsdorffii, whose total genomic DNA was extracted. A total of 12 ISSR primers were used for the molecular characterization of the individuals. A grouping analysis was performed using the unweighted pair group method, Bayesian analysis and characterized by the genetic diversity. The genetic diversity among and within the groups was demonstrated by the AMOVA. As a result, 106 fragments were amplified and 98.11% were polymorphic. The polymorphic information content of each primer ranged from 0.45 to 0.81. The dendrogram showed the formation of 4 distinct groups. The greatest genetic variability is found within the groups and not between them. The percentage of polymorphism, genetic dissimilarity values and genetic diversity indexes indicate that there is high genetic variability among Copaifera langsdorffii individuals, suggesting that ISSR primers were efficient in detecting polymorphism in this species and that the individuals have potential for compose programs aimed at the preservation of the species and the ability to integrate germplasm banks.
Highlights
With approximately 6.7 million km2, the Amazon Rainforest is considered the largest tropical forest in the world, and 60% of its extension is in Brazilian territory (Ferreira et al, 2010)
The primers used were effective in the detection of genetic polymorphism of C. langsdorffii and there is genetic diversity among the individuals sampled
The high percentage of polymorphism (99.80%) found in this study is similar to that found by Dúcar, Rewers, Jedrzejczyk, Mártonfi, and Sliwinska (2018), who evaluated the genetic diversity of eight species of Lotus sp. (Fabaceae), as well as that observed by Bagheri, Abbasi, Mahmoodi, Roofigar, and Blattner (2020) (97.60%), who studied the genetic variability of Astragalus subrecognitus (Fabaceae), which demonstrates the effectiveness of ISSR markers in the detection of polymorphism in species of the Fabaceae family
Summary
With approximately 6.7 million km, the Amazon Rainforest is considered the largest tropical forest in the world, and 60% of its extension is in Brazilian territory (Ferreira et al, 2010). (Copaíba) stands out and is widely distributed in Brazil (Lorenzi, 1992; Reis et al, 2016). Among the species present in the Amazon, the Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. It is exploited mainly for the extraction of its resinous oil, which is used in popular medicine as an anti-inflammatory and bactericide (Lisboa et al, 2018), and in industries: pharmacological, drug development; cosmetics: for the production of fixatives for fragrances, cosmetics and soaps; and in varnishes and solvents, for their production (Veiga & Pinto, 2002). In the production of plywood (Lisboa et al, 2018)
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