Genetic Similarity of Local Mandarin Accessions (Citrus reticulata) Resulted from Endosperm Culture According to ISSR and Microsatelite Markers

Abstract

Citrus is the third most important fruit commodity in Indonesia, especially seedless citrus. One technique to get seedless citrus is by endosperm culture possessing triploidy sets of the chromosome. Plants that have triploidy sets of the chromosome will usually become sterile or seedless plants. This research aimed to 1) compare ratio of the length and width of the leaves between three types of local mandarin (Citrus reticulata) as mother plants and mandarin accessions grown from endosperm cultures, 2) identify mother plant and mandarin accessions from endosperm cultures with Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers and 3) identify mother plant and mandarin accessions from endosperm cultures with Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers. The research was conducted at Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Institute (ICSFRI) Batu started from October 2018 until January 2019. The plants used in the study were Garut mandarin and seven accessions grown from endosperm cultures. Identification of plants with morphological markers has several disadvantages due to environmental factors. Identification with molecular markers is needed to complete the morphological information obtained. SSR markers are more suitable to be used in this study compared to ISSR markers because the results are in accordance with the objectives of this study, which is not expected to have high genetic variation. Identification with SSR molecular markers is more suitable because it showed low genetic diversity or no genetic diversity between mother plants and plants endosperm cultures when compared to ISSR markers. The desired change in the plants produced by endosperm cultures is only in ploidy properties.