Abstract

Samples from 10 human skulls recovered from the “skull building” at Çayönü Tepesi, a 9400-year-old site in southeastern Turkey, were analysed and the sex identified using two biomolecular methods. One targeted the alphoid repeats on the sex chromosomes and the other targeted the amelogenin gene. The skulls had previously been morphologically sexed and the PCR amplification-based identifications were performed as a blind test. Of the 10 samples, one did not contain amplifiable DNA, and of the remainder, there was only one discrepancy between the genetic and morphological identification. These bone samples are presently the oldest genetically sexed human remains.

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