Abstract

Biodiversity reflects billions of years of adaptation through natural selection, whereby environments help to determine which genetic variants in a population persist. This process leads some individuals in a population to possess traits that prove beneficial in a particular niche and can help to distinguish them from other organisms residing there or elsewhere. Although evolution is defined as the change in genetic makeup of a population through time, natural selection acts on phenotypes. That is, natural selection leads indirectly to changes in gene frequencies by acting on the phenotypes that genes produce.

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