Genetic Redundancy Eliminates the Dream of Beneficial Mutations

Abstract

Redundancy is the duplication of a system's components or functions in order to increase its reliability. This system is provided with a pack of duplications of the components for saving backups in case of sudden malfunctioning. A satellite, for instance, is provided with basic duplications before its launch such as inertial navigation system which depends on 5 duplicate computers on the satellite and 3 inertial measurement congruent units. This is the same in living organisms, where genes duplicate in a way that protects them from any sudden mutations or failures. Redundancy is a biological Safety system that destroys the effect of mutations. Redundant mechanisms' duty is to achieve the aims of growth in complete perfection. This mechanism is necessary; as there is no system with such complexity as that of living organisms unless it will need the redundancy in its different phases of Decoding. This Phenomenon imposes a giant challenge to the conception of beneficial mutations. In order to get a beneficial mutation with evident effect, this mutation should have the same semblance and technique in all the redundant copies which produce this effect in a genome. The more redundant the genes are, the more we need synchronizing effective mutations on the progressive change, and the more difficult it is to believe in the ability of this change to get a wholesome model. This article sheds light on the decisive difficulties which face the hope of inducing any beneficial mutations.