Abstract
To detect polymorphisms of CYP1A1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene loci among various tobacco-consuming ethnicities in an urban centre, and to relate these with susceptibility to oral cancer. The cross-sectional, case-control study was conducted at Ziauddin University, Karachi, and the Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, from 2011 to 2016, and comprised patients having oral squamous cell carcinoma in group A, with oral precancerous lesions in group B, and tobacco habit-matched controls in group C. Routine histopathology was followed by molecular analysis through polymerase chain reaction and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques. Data was analysed using SPSS 20. Of the 358 subjects, 150(42%) were in group A, 100(28%) in group B, and 108(30%) in group C. There were 190(53.1%) Urdu-speaking subjects, 42(11.7%) Memoni-speaking, 37(10.3%) Sindhi-speaking, 34(9.5%) Balochi-speaking, 25(7%) Pashto-speaking, 15(4.2%) Punjabi-speaking, and 15(4.2) of other ethnicities. Among the Urdu-speaking ethnicity, CYP1A1 MspI heterozygous variant was the most prevalent genotype ingroup A 50(66.7%), group B 37(62.7%) and group C 36(64.3%). The homozygous variant was equally distributed in group A 8(13.5%) and group B 10(13.3%), while it remained quite low in group C 4(7.1%). Homozygous genotype was most common in Pashto-speaking subjects in group A 4(57.1%). In Urdu-speaking subjects, GSTM1-null genotype was mostly found in group B 19(32.2%), while GSTT1-null genotype was most common in group A 12(16%). Other than Urdu-speaking, GSTM1-null variant was most frequent in Sindhi-speaking subjects in group B 8(80%). Intra-ethnic distribution of tobacco-metabolising enzyme genes can be considered an important contributor to oral cancer risk in the population of Karachi.
Highlights
Karachi is a multi-ethnic city where a substantial proportion of its population has migrated from different areas of Pakistan as well as neighbouring India, Afghanistan and other countries.[1]
In Urduspeaking subjects, GSTM1-null genotype was mostly found in group B 19(32.2%), while GSTT1-null genotype was most common in group A 12(16%)
Intra-ethnic distribution of tobacco-metabolising enzyme genes can be considered an important contributor to oral cancer risk in the population of Karachi
Summary
Karachi is a multi-ethnic city where a substantial proportion of its population has migrated from different areas of Pakistan as well as neighbouring India, Afghanistan and other countries.[1]. Gutka, introduced in the late 1960s and 1970s, has become widely available and consumed by all ethnicities of the city.[4]
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More From: JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
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