Abstract
Tuna is a migratory species with high economic value. Utilization of tuna is increasing and growing every year. Fishing intensity of tuna in the Maluku Sea is high and can disrupt the population. The existence of the population will be threatened if not managed properly. The latest genetic information approach is necessary to prevent the population decline. The purpose of this research was to know the genetic structure of yellowfin tuna in North Maluku waters, Indonesi. Sampling was conducted in May-July 2016 in Morotai Island, Obi and Sanana, while secondary data was gathered in Ternate Island, Bacan and Ambon. A total of 72 samples were collected and analyzed. The result of the study found that the base length (bp) of the control region of mtDNA was found to be 512 bp (base pairs). the genetic distance in the nearest population is at Sanana and Obi (0.025). The results of genetic distance analysis between population found genetic similarity between Morotai-Sanana (0,021), Obi-Sanana (0,025), Obi-Morotai (0,026) and Ambon-Sanana (0,026), while the furthest genetic distance was found in Ternate-Bacan (0,040) and Ternate-Obi (0,042). The pairwise comparison test (Fst) shows a few genetic differentiation between yellowfin tuna populations. The value (Fst) of the yellowfin tuna population shows a strong gene flow between populations. The haplotype distribution shows a relationship between haplotypes in both yellowfin tuna, thus failing to show clade between different geographic locations. Unsustainable use can harm the population through genetic quality. Several approaches should be taken to support the life cycle of yellowfin tuna. The overall result shows that there has not been any change of genetic structure of yellowfin tuna in North Maluku Sea. Keywords : Haplotype, genetic distance, North Maluku, yellowfin tuna, pairwise comparison test
Highlights
Tuna fish resources have important economic value, widely spread almost throughout the Indonesia waters (Sibagariang et al, 2011)
Species of tuna fish caught in Indonesian waters include skipjack, large eye tuna, yellowfin tuna, tuna alalunga (KKP, 2015; Lailossa, 2015)
Analysis shows that the genetic distance in the nearest population is at Sanana and Obi (0.025)
Summary
Tuna fish resources have important economic value, widely spread almost throughout the Indonesia waters (Sibagariang et al, 2011). Tuna is an important commercial species that represents a total of 8% of world fish export with a total of 6.6 million tonnes (FAO, 2012; Nikolic and Bourjea, 2012). The total fishing production of tuna in Indonesia is 15.26 million tons (Seafish, 2015). The largest contribution to tuna industry in Indonesia is Pacific Ocean 80% and Indian Ocean 20% (FAO, 2010). This high tuna potential is due to Indonesian waters being between the Pacific and Indian Oceans (Koesmawati et al, 2015). Species of tuna fish caught in Indonesian waters include skipjack, large eye tuna, yellowfin tuna, tuna alalunga (KKP, 2015; Lailossa, 2015)
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