Abstract
Background and ObjectivesThe GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms might be involved in inactivation of procarcinogens that contribute to the genesis and progression of cancers. However, studies investigating the association between GSTM1, GSTT1 or GSTP1 polymorphisms and prostate cancer (PCa) risk report conflicting results, therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to re-examine the controversy.MethodsPublished literature from PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched (updated to June 2, 2012). According to our inclusion criteria, studies that observed the association between GSTM1, GSTT1 or GSTP1 polymorphisms and PCa risk were included. The principal outcome measure was the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the risk of PCa associated with GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms.ResultsFifty-seven studies involving 11313 cases and 12934 controls were recruited. The overall OR, which was 1.2854 (95% CI = 1.1405–1.4487), revealed a significant risk of PCa and GSTM1 null genotype, and the similar results were observed when stratified by ethnicity and control source. Further, the more important is that the present study first reported the high risks of PCa for people who with dual null genotype of GSTM1 and GSTT1 (OR = 1.4353, 95% CI = 1.0345–1.9913), or who with GSTT1 null genotype and GSTP1 A131G polymorphism (OR = 1.7335, 95% CI = 1.1067–2.7152). But no association was determined between GSTT1 null genotype (OR = 1.102, 95% CI = 0.9596–1.2655) or GSTP1 A131G polymorphism (OR = 1.0845, 95% CI = 0.96–1.2251) and the PCa risk.ConclusionsOur meta-analysis suggested that the people with GSTM1 null genotype, with dual null genotype of GSTM1 and GSTT1, or with GSTT1 null genotype and GSTP1 A131G polymorphism are associated with high risks of PCa, but no association was found between GSTT1 null genotype or GSTP1 A131G polymorphism and the risk of PCa. Further rigorous analytical studies are highly expected to confirm our conclusions and assess gene-environment interactions with PCa risk.
Highlights
Prostate cancer (PCa) has become a major public health problem concern worldwide for its high morbidity and mortality levels
When screening the title or abstract, 32 studies were excluded because they are not associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk and the polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1
Our result suggested that a significant increased risk existed between PCa and GSTM1 null genotype, whereas no elevated PCa risks were observed with the GSTT1 null genotype and GSTP1 polymorphism
Summary
Prostate cancer (PCa) has become a major public health problem concern worldwide for its high morbidity and mortality levels. It is the second leading cause of cancer related to death in Europe, North America, Latin America, and some parts of Africa in men. The various risk, incidence, and mortality rates among worldwide of PCa suggest that genetic factors play an important role in PCa initiation and progression, such as individual differences in the susceptibility to cancers, age and family history [5]. Studies investigating the association between GSTM1, GSTT1 or GSTP1 polymorphisms and prostate cancer (PCa) risk report conflicting results, we conducted a meta-analysis to re-examine the controversy
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