Abstract
<h3>Objectives</h3> Apical Periodontitis (AP) is a host-mediated inflammatory response against the bacterial infection of root canals. Its pathogenesis is complex and involves inflammatory mediators in which production varies among individuals, a process that can be explained by genetic polymorphism. This integrative review aims to analyze studies that evaluate the influence of genetic polymorphism and the presence of interleukins IL-1β and IL-17 in AP, in the period from January 2016 to March 2021. <h3>Study Design</h3> Searches were done in MEDLINE/PubMed, BVS, and SciELO databases using descriptors from DeCS and MeSH. After defining the eligibility criteria, titles and abstracts were analyzed. The findings and the quality of the studies were added into a standardized table and evaluated according to the evidence level. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 14 analyzed studies, 50% were published in oral and maxillofacial pathology journals, and 43% were classified as level I of evidence. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The authors agree about the correlation between AP and the increase of proinflammatory cytokine serum levels. The studies point to an important role of IL-1β in the maintenance of the inflammatory process of AP, whereas IL-17 seems to be related to flare-up processes, severity level, and repair.
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