Genetic polymorphism and phylogenetic differentiation of the Huaxia Platinum System in three Chinese minority ethnicities

Jing Liu,Guanglin He,Mengge Wang,Yiping Hou,Zheng Wang

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-39794-y

Jing Liu, Guanglin He + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39794-y

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Abstract

Short tandem repeats (STRs) with features of high polymorphism and abundant evolution information play a significant role in genetic applications such as human forensics, anthropology and population genetics. The Huaxia Platinum System was specifically exploited to allow coamplification of all markers in the expanded Combined DNA Index System and the Chinese National Database. Herein, in continuation of our previous studies, 493 unrelated individuals were firstly genotyped to investigate the efficacy of this novel system in three minority ethnicities of China (Hui, Tibetan and Uygur). Additionally, genetic relationships among our three investigated populations and other previously published populations were analyzed using pairwise genetic distances, multidimensional scaling (MDS), principal component analysis (PCA), cladogram and STRUCTURE. The combined match probabilities (CMP) for the Hui, Tibetan and Uygur groups were 1.6894 × 10−27, 6.1666 × 10−27 and 5.0655 × 10−27, respectively, and the combined powers of exclusion (CPE) were 0.999999999646627, 0.999999999304935 and 0.999999999433994. Population comparison analysis manifested that the Hui and Tibetan populations had genetic affinities with the Han, Yi and Korean populations, while the Uygur group had a close relationship with the Kazakh population. The aforementioned results suggested that the Huaxia Platinum System is a polymorphic and effective tool that is appropriate for personal identification and population genetics.

Highlights

China has 56 officially recognized ethnic groups and is the most populous country in the world
No significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was detected after Bonferroni correction was performed (p > 0.05/23 ≈ 0.0022), and no significant departure from linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the locus-by-locus pairwise comparison test was observed after Bonferroni correction was performed (p > 0.05/253 ≈ 0.0002) at any STR loci or in any ethnic group (Table 1 and Supplementary Tables S4–S6)
The Ho ranged from 0.5550 (TPOX) to 0.9500 (Penta E) in the Sichuan Chengdu Tibetan (SCT) population, with an average value of 0.7780, which was lower than the average values of the Xinjiang Kumul Uygur (XKU, 0.7937) and Ningxia Wuzhong Hui (NWH, 0.7952) ethnic groups

Summary

Introduction

China has 56 officially recognized ethnic groups and is the most populous country in the world. The Hui group is the largest and most widespread minority in the country, and most of them live in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and Qinghai and Gansu provinces. In a continuation of our previous studies[9,15,16], we characterized the genetic diversity of the Huaxia Platinum System in the three aforementioned minority ethnicities (183 Ningxia Wuzhong Hui, 200 Sichuan Chengdu Tibetan and 110 Xinjiang Kumul Uygur individuals). The details of relevant populations and their abbreviations are displayed in Supplementary Table S2

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Results

Conclusion