Genetic parameters for ultrasound and carcass measures of yield and quality among replacement and slaughter beef cattle.

Abstract

Real time ultrasound (RTU) measures of longissimus muscle area and fat depth were taken at 12 and 14 mo of age on composite bulls (n = 404) and heifers (n = 514). Carcass longissimus muscle area and fat depth, hot carcass weight, estimated percentage lean yield, marbling score, Warner-Bratzler shear force, and 7-rib dissectable seam fat and lean percentages were measured on steers (n = 235). Additive genetic variances for longissimus muscle area were 76 and 77% larger in bulls at 12 and 14 mo than the corresponding estimates for heifers. Heritability estimates for longissimus muscle area were 0.61 and 0.52 in bulls and 0.49 and 0.47 in heifers at 12 and 14 mo, respectively. The genetic correlations of longissimus muscle area of bulls vs heifers were 0.61 and 0.84 at 12 and 14 mo, respectively. Genetic correlations of longissimus muscle area measured in steer carcasses were 0.71 and 0.67 with the longissimus muscle areas in bulls and heifers at 12 mo and 0.73 and 0.79 at 14 mo. Heritability estimates for fat depth were 0.50 and 0.35 in bulls and 0.44 and 0.49 in heifers at 12 and 14 mo, respectively. The genetic correlation of fat depth in bulls vs heifers at 12 mo was 0.65 and was 0.49 at 14 mo. Genetic correlations of fat depth measured in bulls at 12 and 14 mo with fat depth measured in steers at slaughter were 0.23 and 0.21, and the corresponding correlations of between heifers and steers were 0.66 and 0.86, respectively. Live weights at 12 and 14 mo were genetically equivalent (r(g) = 0.98). Genetic correlations between live weights of bulls and heifers with hot carcass weight of the steers were also high (r(g) > 0.80). Longissimus muscle area measured using RTU was positively correlated with carcass measures of longissimus muscle area, estimated percentage lean yield, and percentage lean in a 7-rib section from steers. Measures of backfat obtained using RTU were positively correlated with fat depth and dissectable seam fat from the 7-rib section of steer carcasses. Genetic correlations between measures of backfat obtained using RTU and marbling were negative but low. These results indicate that longissimus muscle area and backfat may be under sufficiently different genetic control in bulls vs heifers to warrant being treated as separate traits in genetic evaluation models. Further, traits measured using RTU in potential replacement bulls and heifers at 12 and 14 mo of age may be considered different from the corresponding carcass traits of steers.