Abstract

The data on first lactation and lifetime performance records of 501 Nili-Ravi were collected for a period from 1983 to 2017 (35 years) maintained at ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Sub-Campus, Nabha, Punjab. The data were analyzed to calculate heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlation for first lactation traits, viz., Age at First Calving (AFC), First Lactation Total Milk Yield (FLTMY), First Lactation Standard (305 days or less) Milk Yield (FLSMY), First Peak Milk Yield (FPY), First Lactation Length (FLL), First Dry Period (FDP), First Service Period (FSP) and First Calving Interval (FCI), Herd Life (HL), Productive Life (PL), Productive Days (PD), Unproductive Days (UD), Breeding Efficiency (BE), Total Lifetime Milk Yield (Total LTMY), Standard Lifetime Milk Yield (Standard LTMY), Milk Yield Per Day of Productive Life (MY/PL), Milk Yield Per Day of Productive Days (MY/PD), and Milk Yield Per Day of Herd Life (MY/HL). For estimation of variance component and heritability separately for each trait, the uni-trait animal model was equipped, whereas to estimate genetic and phenotypic correlations between traits, bi-trait animal models were fitted. The estimates of heritability for production and reproduction traits of Nili-Ravi were medium, i.e., 0.365 ± 0.087, 0.353 ± 0.071, 0.318 ± 0.082, 0.354 ± 0.076, and 0.362 ± 0.086 for FLSMY, FDP, FSP, FCI, and AFC, respectively. The estimates of heritability were low, i.e., 0.062 ± 0.088, 0.123 ± 0.090, 0.158 ± 0.090, 0.155 ± 0.091, and 0.129 ± 0.091 for HL, PL, PD, Total LTMY, and Standard LTMY and high, i.e., 0.669 ± 0.096 for BE. Genetic correlation for FLTMY was high with FLL (0.710 ± 0.103), and genetic correlation of FLTMY was high and positive with HL, Total LTMY, MY/PL, and MY/PD while low and positive with PL. Genetic correlation of AFC was low and negative with PL, PD, UD, BE, Total LTMY, Standard LTMY, MY/PL, and MY/PD and negative with MY/HL. Significant positive phenotypic association of FPY was seen with FLTMY, FLSMY, FLL, AFC, HL, Total LTMY, and Standard LTMY. Higher heritability of first lactation traits especially FPY suggests sufficient additive genetic variability, which can be exploited under selection and breeding policy in order to improve overall performance of Nili-Ravi buffaloes.

Highlights

  • India is ranked first in the world with 176.3 million tons of milk production, and most of the production (49%) was contributed by buffaloes

  • Traits analyzed in our study were first lactation traits, viz., at First Calving (AFC) in months, First Lactation Total Milk Yield (FLTMY) in kg, FLSMY in kg, First Peak Milk Yield (FPY) in kg/day, First Lactation Length (FLL) in days, First Dry Period (FDP) in days, First Service Period (FSP) in days, First Calving Interval (FCI) in days, Lifetime performance traits such as Herd Life (HL) in days, Productive Life (PL) in days, Productive Days (PD) in days, Unproductive Days (UD) in days, Breeding Efficiency (BE) in %, Total Lifetime Milk Yield (Total LTMY) in kg, Standard Lifetime Milk Yield (Standard LTMY) in kg, Milk Yield Per Day of Productive Life (MY/PL) in kg/day, Milk Yield Per Day of Productive Days (MY/PD) in kg/day, and Milk Yield Per Day of Herd Life (MY/HL) in kg/day

  • In Nili-Ravi, the estimates of heritability were low for HL (0.062 ± 0.088), PL (0.123 ± 0.090), PD (0.158 ± 0.090), Total LTMY (0.155 ± 0.091), and Standard LTMY (0.129 ± 0.091); medium (0.2–0.4) for UD (0.228 ± 0.089), MY/PL (0.354 ± 0.094), MY/PD (0.231 ± 0.086), and MY/HL (0.261±0.089); and high for BE (0.669 ± 0.096)

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Summary

Introduction

India is ranked first in the world with 176.3 million tons of milk production, and most of the production (49%) was contributed by buffaloes. Nili-Ravi, a buffalo breed, is found in the state of Punjab and largely distributed in the belt of Ravi River, having its concentration in Amritsar, Tarn Taran, and Ferozepur districts [2]. Lifetime performance of animal especially depends on different production and reproduction traits of earlier lactations, which determine genetic worth of the buffaloes. The lifetime traits can be improved by the selection of animals on the basis of traits of earlier lactations through correlated response. Assessment of genetic progress attained by the selection programs gives an idea about advantages of breeding program and to incorporate required adjustments

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