Abstract
Recent studies have shown the need to identify new potential additional descriptors for the soybean culture to contribute to cultivars differentiation. Thus, the objective of this study was to estimate generic parameters and analyze characters in the soybean plants in phenotypical phase, during two evaluation periods. The study analyzed 28 genotypes under greenhouse conditions, during two evaluation periods (October and December, 2017), in two stages of development (V2 and V3), regarding hypocotyl and epicotyl length and plant height. Experimental units (an average of two plants) were displayed in randomized blocks with four replicates. An individual and joint analysis of variance were conducted, and coefficients of experimental variation and genotypic determination were estimated for each character analyzed as well as the ratio between the experimental and genetic variation coefficients. Next, mean tests and the analysis of the phenotypic and genotypic correlation were carried out. Results showed that the genotypes analyzed differed in regard to hypocotyl and epicotyl length and plant height, at the V2 and V3 stages of development. In addition, the estimated magnitude of the genetic parameters and genotypic correlations showed genetic influence on the phenotypic expression of the hypocotyl and epicotyl length and plant height at the V2 and V3 stages of development.
Highlights
Soybean crops (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) have played a leading role in grain production increase in the country due to their greater liquidity and the possibility for better profitability compared to other crops, which motivates growers to cultivate this plant (CONAB, 2018)
A significant effect of 1% of probability for the genotype was identified for all characters analyzed by the F test during the analysis of variance. This shows the presence of genetic variance between the genotypes studied
The genotypic determination coefficient is related to inheritability; it makes the inference about genotypes possible (Vasconcelos et al, 2012). These authors identified the genotypic determination coefficient of 43.12% for seeds germination and of 57.12% for seedlings emergence in sand beds and reported that from all variations observed approximately half of them of genetic origin and the other half may be related to experimental deviations
Summary
Soybean crops (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) have played a leading role in grain production increase in the country due to their greater liquidity and the possibility for better profitability compared to other crops, which motivates growers to cultivate this plant (CONAB, 2018). Reports have shown that yield estimates for the 2017/2018 season is of 3,258 Kg/ha, which agrees with the technological packages used, becoming the second greatest average productivity in the country Part of this success is the result of genetic improvement programs developed by Brazilian research institutes and universities (Bortolotto et al, 2015; Camargos, Campos, Alves, Ferreira, & Matsuo, 2019; Harada, Gonçalves, Kiihl, & Destro, 2015; Oda et al, 2015; Silva et al, 2017). Cultivar protection is granted based on three basic requirements: it must be distinct, homogeneous and stable (DHS) (Viana, 2013) These trials, in Brazil, according to the above mentioned author, are responsibility of the breeder and a distinct cultivar is that which clearly distinguishes from any other and whose existence, at the protection request date, is recognized by the criteria established by a competent body, presented in the instructions for soybean cultivars DHS trials (Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento [MAPA], 2009). Descriptors (mandatory and additional) to differentiate soybean cultivars are, according to Nogueira et al (2008), insufficient to distinguish cultivars, making evident the need to expand the list of descriptors used
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