GENETIC MECHANISMS OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA:
 LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Relevance: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary liver malignancy. This form of liver cancer is characterized
 by rapid progression and poor survival prognosis. Understanding the genetic mechanisms that underlie HCC is of great importance for
 developing new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
 The purpose is to study the genetic factors in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
 Materials and methods: This review used various sources of literature, including scientific articles and reviews. We reviewed the results
 of scientific and clinical studies published in 2018-2023 and indexed in the PubMed, Cochrane library, Scopus and Web of Science databases,
 using the keywords “hepatocellular carcinoma,” “genes,” and “genetic predictors.” Inclusion of articles in the review was based on their
 content and relevance to the research topic.
 Results: Various genes associated with hepatocellular carcinoma were analyzed, including genes frequently mutated in HCC, as well
 as genes that play a role in the regulation of cell growth, apoptosis, metastasis, and invasion. Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation
 and chromatin modifications have been investigated. The roles of microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circulating microparticles and other
 biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC were also reviewed.
 Conclusion: The materials and methods used in this review allowed us to cover a wide range of genes and molecular mechanisms associated
 with hepatocellular carcinoma. Understanding these mechanisms plays an important role in the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic
 approaches to combat this dangerous form of liver cancer. Further research in this area will help expand our knowledge base and improve the
 HCC treatment.