Abstract
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-021-01255-8.
Highlights
Wheat is one of the most important crops, providing 20% of the food calories and protein consumed by the human population worldwide (FAOSTAT 2018)
The Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for GN-C with the highest logarithm of odds (LOD) and phenotypic variation explained (PVE) was identified in the GNI-A1 region
We found that GNI-A1 was not a major QTL for GN-A and GN-B
Summary
Wheat is one of the most important crops, providing 20% of the food calories and protein consumed by the human population worldwide (FAOSTAT 2018). Many components are associated with grain yield, such as spikes per unit area, grain number per spike (GNS), and average grain weight, which usually result in better heritability (Zhang et al 2018). The GNS is determined by several factors, such as spikelet number per spike (SNS) and the fertility of each floret (Sreenivasulu and Schnurbusch, 2012; Guo and Schnurbusch, 2015). The reduced function allele of GNI-A1 increases floret and grain number, especially at the central part of the spike. Recent QTL analysis and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified wheat ortholog of apo (WAPO1/TaAPO1), which is located on the long arm of chromosome 7A, as a candidate gene controlling SNS (Kuzay et al 2019; Muqaddasi et al 2019). The frequency of the WAPO-A1b allele in modern cultivars is higher (83.2%) than that in landraces (51.0%), suggesting that the WAPO-A1b allele has been favored through recent breeding
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