Genetic Mapping and Validation of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) for the Grain Appearance and Quality Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by Using Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) Population.

Leila Bazrkar-Khatibani,Anumalla Mahender,Barat-Ali Fakheri,Nafiseh Mahdinejad,Maryam Hosseini-Chaleshtori,Jauhar Ali

doi:10.1155/2019/3160275

Abstract

Rice grain shape and nutritional quality traits have high economic value for commercial production of rice and largely determine the market price, besides influencing the global food demand for high-quality rice. In order to understand the genetic components of grain appearance traits in paddy, brown, and head rice, 15 traits were evaluated by using 157 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between two Iranian rice cultivars Ali-Kazemi (A) and Kadous (K). A significant variation was observed and showed transgressive segregation among the RILs. Correlations between the visual appearances of grain traits were studied. A linkage map with 65 polymorphic SSR markers was constructed, which covered 1517.32 cM of the rice genome. A total of seven QTLs were identified on four chromosomes, 1, 6, 9, and 12, associated with four traits, which are explained by the total phenotypic variation of 44.27% and LOD score of 32.77 in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Among these, four QTLs for two traits were consistently flanked by RM23904 and RM24432 on chromosome 9. Single QTL for head grain length (HGL) expressed in both the years on chromosomes 1 and 9. A major QTL for seed weight was detected on chromosome 9, which explained 10.18% of the phenotypic variation. The additive effect of all the QTLs was positively contributed by Ali-Kazemi allele, except one QTL on chromosome 6 (qBGL_6) that showed a negative additive effect being contributed by the Kadous allele. The study also validated the identified QTLs with the polymorphic SSR markers that were previously reported. Novel QTLs were identified on chromosomes 6 and 9, and many of the polymorphic markers were found to be associated with milling processing of grain quality, cooking, and nutraceutical properties of rice by extensive literature and database analysis. Therefore, these validated QTLs and marker information could be utilized in the marker-assisted selection to improve grain appearance and nutritional grain quality traits in rice.

Highlights

Rice (Oryza sativa L.), is one of the major staple food crops for more than 3.5 billion global population
On chromosome 1, a single QTL qHGL_1 (2014) flanked by right simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker RM490 was significantly associated with three QTLs qmp1.1 [53], qCo.1 [36], and qFe1.2 [54]. We found that these QTLs were responsible for milling and mineral element content related to nutritional factors in grain quality
Grain appearance and nutritional quality traits are vital for commercial rice production, and they affect the dietary value of the grain

Summary

Introduction

Rice (Oryza sativa L.), is one of the major staple food crops for more than 3.5 billion global population. In order to ensure nutritional food security, the projected rice production must be increased to 852 million tons by 2035 [2]. There is an urgent need to increase the grain yield along with desirable grain nutritional quality (GQ) traits in rice [3, 4]. The rice grain attributed traits are a major contributor to the determination of the acceptability by end users and market price [5, 6]. The GQ traits are known to be associated with physical appearance of grain size with several aspects of grain quality attributes related to cooking, nutritional, and sensory characteristics [10, 11]

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Discussion

Conclusion