Abstract
Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm) is an economically important crop for fodder and biomass production. To facilitate the identification of markers for agronomically important traits and for genetic and genomic characteristics of this species, a new high-density genetic linkage map of triticale was constructed using doubled haploid (DH) population derived from a cross between cultivars ‘Hewo’ and ‘Magnat’. The map consists of 1615 bin markers, that represent 50 simple sequence repeat (SSR), 842 diversity array technology (DArT), and 16888 DArTseq markers mapped onto 20 linkage groups assigned to the A, B, and R genomes of triticale. No markers specific to chromosome 7R were found, instead mosaic linkage group composed of 1880 highly distorted markers (116 bins) from 10 wheat chromosomes was identified. The genetic map covers 4907 cM with a mean distance between two bins of 3.0 cM. Comparative analysis in respect to published maps of wheat, rye and triticale revealed possible deletions in chromosomes 4B, 5A, and 6A, as well as inversion in chromosome 7B. The number of bin markers in each chromosome varied from 24 in chromosome 3R to 147 in chromosome 6R. The length of individual chromosomes ranged between 50.7 cM for chromosome 2R and 386.2 cM for chromosome 7B. A total of 512 (31.7%) bin markers showed significant (P < 0.05) segregation distortion across all chromosomes. The number of 8 the segregation distorted regions (SDRs) were identified on 1A, 7A, 1B, 2B, 7B (2 SDRs), 5R and 6R chromosomes. The high-density genetic map of triticale will facilitate fine mapping of quantitative trait loci, the identification of candidate genes and map-based cloning.
Highlights
Hexaploid triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.) with a genomic constitution of 2n = 6x = 42(AABBRR) is an important cereal cultivated worldwide on about 4 million ha and over 70% of production is concentrated in European Union [1]
Genetic maps obtained with the use of high throughput methods employing generation sequencing are prerequisite for the positional cloning approach and identification of markers closely related to effects in genome wide association (GWAS) or precise localization of quantitative trait loci (QTLs)
1880 highly distorted markers were assembled into structurally mosaic linkage group that not corresponded to missing chromosome 7R (Table 1)
Summary
(AABBRR) is an important cereal cultivated worldwide on about 4 million ha and over 70% of production is concentrated in European Union [1] Commercial importance of this crop is justified as triticale combines favourable agronomic characteristics of wheat (i.e., high yield potential and good grain quality) and rye (i.e., abiotic stress tolerance). Genetic maps obtained with the use of high throughput methods employing generation sequencing are prerequisite for the positional cloning approach and identification of markers closely related to effects in genome wide association (GWAS) or precise localization of quantitative trait loci (QTLs). The high-density reference maps provide a useful resource for gene mapping and linking physical and genetic maps, comparative genomics, as well as for predicting total breeding and genetic values for traits of agricultural significance [11,12,13]
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