Abstract
In recent years, there has been a considerable increase in interest in the use of transgenic plants as sources of valuable secondary metabolites or recombinant proteins. This has been facilitated by the advent of genetic engineering technology with the possibility for direct modification of the expression of genes related to the biosynthesis of biologically active compounds. A wide range of research projects have yielded a number of efficient plant systems that produce specific secondary metabolites or recombinant proteins. Furthermore, the use of bioreactors allows production to be increased to industrial scales, which can quickly and cheaply deliver large amounts of material in a short time. The resulting plant production systems can function as small factories, and many of them that are targeted at a specific operation have been patented. This review paper summarizes the key research in the last ten years regarding the use of transgenic plants as small, green biofactories for the bioreactor-based production of secondary metabolites and recombinant proteins; it simultaneously examines the production of metabolites and recombinant proteins on an industrial scale and presents the current state of available patents in the field.
Highlights
The plant kingdom has always been closely linked with human society, serving as a source of both food and various remedies [1,2]
-the method significantly improved the maximum accumulation level, purity, and productivity of the recombinant protein stainless-steel stirred tank bioreactors (STB)
Transgenic plants offer a new approach to the production of specific secondary metabolites through manipulation in biosynthetic pathways, and recombinant proteins through expression systems that greatly improve protein yield
Summary
The plant kingdom has always been closely linked with human society, serving as a source of both food and various remedies [1,2]. To overcome their limitations, which are mainly related to the scale of production, plant material is often cultivated in bioreactors, these being engineering systems capable of supporting optimal conditions for aerobic or anaerobic biochemical processes Such culture methods are characterized by stability, ease of use, increased nutrient uptake ability, time, and cost efficiency, as well as large biomass yields; as such, bioreactor culture is regarded as a suitable alternative to conventional methods of plant tissue culture on an industrial scale [21,22]. The applications of the various types of bioreactors for the cultivation of plant material, examples of the manipulation of metabolic pathways for increased productivity of secondary metabolites, obtaining transgenic plant cultures in vitro for the production of recombinant proteins, as well as a review of patented bioreactors that can be used to cultivate plant cells and tissues under controlled conditions are presented here. This work may be an introductory guide for researchers planning to conduct research in green biotechnology using a variety of approaches to obtain desired products
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