Abstract
In order to investigate different species of root-knot nematodes associated with vegetable production in southern regions of Iran, 37 populations of the most predominant species, Meloidogyne javanica, were recovered. Morphological and morphometric studies were carried on the characters of females, males, J2s and perineal patterns. Species-specific Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) primers confirmed morphological studies, and all these populations produced specific band in 670 bp using Fjav and Rjav primers. Genetic diversity of different populations was studied by Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers implementing 10 primers for each approach. Results revealed a relatively low genetic diversity (the percentage of polymorphic bands were 19.08 and 24.60 for ISSR and RAPD, respectively). The analyses of molecular variance indicated that the variation resulted from genotypic variations within region and variances among regions are 81% and 19% for RAPD, and 86% and 14% for ISSR, respectively. On the other hand, FST and Nm values are 0.140 and 1.535 for ISSR while these values are 0.188 and 1.079 for RAPD. So it can be concluded that there is a great deal of gene flow between populations due to the movement of plant material contaminated with nematodes, which results in high mixing between populations. ISSR and RAPD datasets failed to group populations according to their geographic region. There were no pathotypes or other intraspecific biological entities observed in the species.
Highlights
In order to investigate different species of root-knot nematodes associated with vegetable production in southern regions of Iran, 37 populations of the most predominant species, Meloidogyne javanica, were recovered
Considering that morphological and morphometrical methods for the identification species of Rootknot nematodes (RKNs) are considerably time consuming and there is a lot of ambiguity, using species-specific primers could be a rapid method for detection
These markers were useful for separating species of RKNs; they could not separate main species including M. javanica, M. incognita, M. hapla, and M. arenaria, and there is overlapping between these species (Kiewnick et al, 2014)
Summary
In order to investigate different species of root-knot nematodes associated with vegetable production in southern regions of Iran, 37 populations of the most predominant species, Meloidogyne javanica, were recovered. Molecular markers that have proved to be useful in these studies are mitochondrial gene cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) (Ye et al, 2015; Powers et al, 2018), the small subunit 18 S rRNA gene (Tigano et al, 2005; Ye et al, 2015), D2-D3 expansion segment of the large subunit 28 S rRNA (Palomares-Rius et al, 2007; Ye et al, 2015) and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS2) (Powers et al, 1997; Ye et al, 2015) These markers were useful for separating species of RKNs; they could not separate main species including M. javanica, M. incognita, M. hapla, and M. arenaria, and there is overlapping between these species (Kiewnick et al, 2014)
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