Genetic improvement through mass selection in madura local maize (Zea mays L.), Indonesia

Abstract

Mass selection is a breeding method used to increase the productivity of two Madura local maize. The study used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), repeated three times with ten genotypes of treatment. The plant material used was ten genotypes of the 0th to 4th generation mass selection on two Madura local maize (cultivars: Tambin and elos), i.e., T-C0, T-C1, T-C2, T-C3, T- C4, E-C0, E-C1, E-C2, E-C3, E-C4. Heritability values in the broad sense of the ten observed characters have a high category, ranging from 0.65-0.97. Production per hectare has a significant positive correlation with the character of ear length, ear circumference, ear diameter, seed weight per plant, and weight of 1000 seeds. Mass selection on two Madura local maize for four cycles showed an increase in production of 611.20 kg/ha or an average selection response of 145.16 in the tambin cultivar, while in the elos cultivar, there was an increase in production of 754.55 kg/ha or an average selection response of 179.21. Mass selection of tambin and elos cultivars in four cycles decreased days to tasseling by -1.33 days (the average selection response is -0.22) and -1.00 days (the average selection response is -0.16), respectively. Mass selection is an effective breeding method for assembling maize varieties with early maturity and high production on tambin and elos cultivars. Keywords: Heritability, the correlation between characters, selection response, mass selection, madura local maize.