Abstract
Vaviloid spike branching, also called sham ramification, is a typical trait of Triticum vavilovii Jakubz. and is characterized by a lengthening of the spikelet axis. In this article, we present the results of a study of three triticale–wheat hybrid lines with differences in terms of the manifestation of the vaviloid spike branching. Lines were obtained by crossing triticale with hexaploid wheat, T. aestivum var. velutinum. The parental triticale is a hybrid of synthetic wheat (T. durum × Ae. tauschii var. meyrei) with rye, S. cereale ssp. segetale. Line 857 has a karyotype corresponding to hexaploid wheat and has a spike morphology closest to normal, whereas Lines 808/1 and 844/4 are characterized by the greatest manifestation of vaviloid spike branching. In Lines 808/1 and 844/4, we found the substitution 2RL(2DL). The karyotypes of the latter lines differ in that a pair of telocentric chromosomes 2DS is detected in Line 808/1, and these telocentrics are fused into one unpaired chromosome in Line 844/4. Using molecular genetic analysis, we found a deletion of the wheat domestication gene Q located on 5AL in the three studied hybrid lines. The deletion is local since an analysis of the adjacent gene B1 showed the presence of this gene. We assume that the manifestation of vaviloid spike branching in two lines (808/1 and 844/4) is associated with a disturbance in the joint action of genes Q and AP2L2-2D, which is another important gene that determines spike morphology and is located on 2DL.
Highlights
The Triticum L. genus includes the most important agricultural crops, namely, common wheat (T. aestivum L., BBAADD, 2n = 6x = 42) and durum wheat (T. durum Desf., BBAA, 2n = 4x = 28)
We found that the triticale–wheat hybrid lines with the vaviloid type of spike branching from the collection of the Genetic Resources Institute of ANAS (Azerbaijan) are heterogeneous in karyotypic characteristics [16]
A cytological analysis of the hybrid lines obtained by crossing triticale with hexaploid wheat showed that lines with vaviloid spike branching are characterized by chromosomal substitution 2RL(2DL)
Summary
The Triticum L. genus includes the most important agricultural crops, namely, common wheat (T. aestivum L., BBAADD, 2n = 6x = 42) and durum wheat (T. durum Desf., BBAA, 2n = 4x = 28). Since wheat is a grain crop, the morphology of its inflorescence is of particular importance. A standard wheat inflorescence is a complex spike that consists of an axis and spikelets located on its ledges, with one spikelet per ledge. There are 3–5 florets in a spikelet, and the top 1–2 florets are usually sterile. Forms with nonstandard spike morphology are interesting in connection with the potential for increasing yields. It is especially important to understand the genetic determination of inflorescence development.
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