Genetic features of Salmonella enterica subspecies diarizonae serovar 61:k:1,5 isolated from abortion cases in sheep, United States, 2020

Abstract

Salmonella enterica subspecies diarizonae serovar 61:(k):1, 5, (7) (sheep associated S. diarizonae, SASd) is the most common Salmonella serotype identified in sheep flocks. Despite the involvement with animal and human infections, there is limited information regarding virulence profiles of SASds and their antibiotic resistance gene complement, particularly for those circulating in the U.S. In this study, we genetically characterized three SASds, 20-265, 20-269, and 20-312, isolated from sheep placental tissues during an abortion storm affecting a flock in Connecticut during 2020. SASds were the only bacteria isolated from analyzed sheep tissues. The isolates were sensitive to all the antibiotics tested, but all these SASd isolates carry the aminoglycoside resistance gene, aac(6′)-Iaa, and a chromosomal substitution in the parC gene. The proportion of pseudogenes (5.3-5.5%) was similar among the isolates, and these SASds carry IncX1 type plasmids. Comparing with the SASds isolates from Enterobase, the three isolates showed an identical genomic virulence profile carrying virulence genes in the conserved set of other SASd isolates except for steC, iagB, iacP, sseI, and slrP genes. In the SNP-based phylogenetic analysis, SASd sequences were grouped into group A-C, and the group C was further subdivided into subgroup C1-C6. The three isolates clustered with other SASd isolates from the U.S. and Canada in subgroup C6. SASd isolates in the identical phylogenetic groups tended to have similar geographical origin. The results of our study did not provide conclusive evidence about which are the genetic traits that trigger SASds to become virulent in sheep, but our data will provide a point for comparative studies of this Salmonella serovar.