Abstract
SummaryHeading time is a key trait in cereals affecting the maturation period for optimal grain filling before harvest. Here, we aimed to understand the factors controlling heading time in barley (Hordeum vulgare). We characterized a set of 274 barley accessions collected worldwide by planting them for 20 seasons under different environmental conditions at the same location in Kurashiki, Japan. We examined interactions among accessions, known genetic factors, and an environmental factor to determine the factors controlling heading response. Locally adapted accessions have been selected for genetic factors that stabilize heading responses appropriate for barley cultivation, and these accessions show stable heading responses even under varying environmental conditions. We identified vernalization requirement and PPD-H1 haplotype as major stabilizing mechanisms of the heading response for regional adaptation in Kurashiki.
Highlights
Heading time is the trait when spike emerges from the flag leaf sheath and one of the most important agronomic traits in cereal cultivation
SUMMARY Heading time is a key trait in cereals affecting the maturation period for optimal grain filling before harvest
We characterized a set of 274 barley accessions collected worldwide by planting them for 20 seasons under different environmental conditions at the same location in Kurashiki, Japan
Summary
Heading time is the trait when spike emerges from the flag leaf sheath and one of the most important agronomic traits in cereal cultivation. Heading time in barley (Hordeum vulgare) is closely related to flowering time and is important in adjusting the maturation period for the most appropriate conditions for grain filling before harvest. Early heading is essential in high-latitude areas such as northern Scandinavia and Alaska, which have short seasons and marginal environments for spring barley cultivation (Faure et al, 2012). East Asian autumn-sown barley cultivars have long growth periods but early heading to avoid the rainy season, which may start at the end of maturity (Ibrahim et al, 2018). Heading time in local barley cultivars reflects adaptation for maturing under the most appropriate conditions for achieving high yield and quality in each area
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